¹ A paper read before the Eleventh International Geological Congress on August 25, 1910. “Sur la valeur des flores fossiles des régions arctiques commė preuve des climats géologiques,” Stockholm, 1910. Also in Compt. Rend. Eleventh Intern. Geol. Congr., Stockholm, 1911.

^{page 217 note 2} The English translation has been revised by Professor Nathorst, and references added.

^{page 219 note 1} Heer, O., Flora fossilis arctica, vols. i–vii, 1868–1883.Google Scholar

^{page 219 note 2} Nathorst, A. G., “Zur Oberdevonischen Flora der Bären Insel”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxxi, No. 3, 1902.Google Scholar

^{page 219 note 3} Id., “Die Oberdevonische Flora des Ellesmere Landes”: Rep. 2nd Norweg. Arctic Exped. in the Fram, vol. i; Christiania, 1904.Google Scholar

^{page 220 note 1} Nathorst, A. G., “Zur Paläozoischen Flora der Arctischen Zone”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxvi, No. 4, 1894.Google Scholar

^{page 220 note 2} Id., “Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of North - Eastern Greenland”: Meddelelser om Grönland, vol. lxiii; Copenhagen, 1911.Google Scholar

^{page 220 note 3} Hartz, N., “Planteforsteninger fra Cap Stewart i Östgronland”: Meddelelser om Grönland, vol. xix; Copenhagen, 1896.Google Scholar

^{page 220 note 4} Nathorst, A. G., “Zur Mesozoischen Flora Spitzbergens”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxx, No. 1; Stockholm, 1897.Google Scholar

^{page 221 note 1} Nathorst, A. G., “Beiträge zur Geologie der Bären Insel, Spitzbergens, und des König Karl Landes”: Bull. Geol. Inst. Upsala, vol. x, 1910.Google Scholar

^{page 221 note 2} Id., “Über Trias und Jurapflanzen von der Insel Kotelny”: Mém. Akad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. VIII, vol. xxi, No. 2, 1907.Google Scholar

^{page 221 note 3} Gothan, W., “Die fossilen Hölzer von König Karls Land”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xlii, No. 10, 1907.Google Scholar

^{page 221 note 4} Id., “Die fossilen Holzreste von Spitzbergen”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xlv, No. 8, 1910.Google Scholar

^{page 222 note 1} It may be mentioned here that a silicified Dadoxylon from the Carboniferous deposits of Spitzbergen described by Dr. Gothan (loc. cit.) does not show any annual rings at all, precisely as is the case with the corresponding Palæozoic stems of Europe. As observed to me by Mr. Th. Halle, this is a most curious circumstance, since the darkness during the long winter night in those regions—provided that the position of the North Pole was the same as now—ought to have caused an interruption of the growth, even if the climate was a warm and genial one. As the specimen, however, was not found in situ it is possible that it originates from some marine deposit into which the wood had been brought by ocean currents from more southern latitudes. But also a Dadoxylon from the Triassic of Spitzbergen shows only slight indications of annual rings (Gothan, loc. cit.).

^{page 222 note 2} Nathorst, A. G., “Paläobotanische Mitteilungen, 1 und 2. Pseudocycas, eine neue Cycadophytengattung aus den Cenomanen Kreideablagerungen Grönlands”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. lxii, No. 5, 1907.Google Scholar

^{page 222 note 3} Id., Über die Reste eines Brotfructbaumes, Artocarpus Dicksoni, n.sp., aus den Cenomanen Kreideablagerungen Grönlands”: Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xxiv, No. 1, 1890.Google Scholar

^{page 224 note 1} Östrup, E., “Diatoméerne i nogle islandske Surtarbrandlag”, pt. i: Meddel. fra Dansk Geol. Forening, No. 3; Copenhagen, 1896.Google Scholar Pt. ii, ibid., No. 6, 1900.