Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:51:31.992Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mixed local and ultra-distal volcanic ash deposition within the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2019

Michael A Pointon Open the ORCID record for Michael A Pointon [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael J Flowerdew Open the ORCID record for Michael J Flowerdew [Opens in a new window] ,
Peter Hülse Open the ORCID record for Peter Hülse [Opens in a new window] ,
Simon Schneider Open the ORCID record for Simon Schneider [Opens in a new window]  and
Martin J Whitehouse Open the ORCID record for Martin J Whitehouse [Opens in a new window]
Michael A Pointon*
Affiliation:
CASP, West Building, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0UD, United Kingdom
Michael J Flowerdew
Affiliation:
CASP, West Building, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0UD, United Kingdom
Peter Hülse
Affiliation:
CASP, West Building, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0UD, United Kingdom
Simon Schneider
Affiliation:
CASP, West Building, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0UD, United Kingdom
Martin J Whitehouse
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
*
Author for correspondence: Michael A Pointon, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands, contains numerous diagenetically altered volcanic ash layers (bentonites). Eleven bentonites were sampled from an outcrop section on Ellesmere Island for U–Pb zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry dating and whole-rock geochemical analysis. Two distinct types of bentonite are identified from the geochemical data. Relatively thick (0.1 to 5 m) peralkaline rhyolitic to trachytic bentonites erupted in an intraplate tectonic setting. These occur throughout the upper Turonian to lower Campanian (c. 92–83 Ma) outcrop section and are likely associated with the alkaline phase of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. Two thinner (<5 cm) subalkaline dacitic to rhyolitic bentonites of late Turonian to early Coniacian age (c. 90–88 Ma) are also identified. The geochemistry of these bentonites is consistent with derivation from volcanoes within an active continental margin tectonic setting. The lack of nearby potential sources of subalkaline magmatism, together with the thinner bed thickness of the subalkaline bentonites and the small size of zircon phenocrysts therein (typically 50–80 μm in length) are consistent with a more distal source area. The zircon U–Pb age and whole-rock geochemistry of these two subalkaline bentonites correlate with an interval of intense volcanism in the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt, Russia. It is proposed that during late Turonian to early Coniacian times intense volcanism within the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt resulted in widespread volcanic ash dispersal across Arctic Alaska and Canada, reaching as far east as the Sverdrup Basin, more than 3000 km away.

Keywords

bentonitetrace elementgeochemistryHigh Arctic Large Igneous ProvincegeochronologyOkhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic BeltU–Pb secondary ion mass spectrometry dating
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 12 , December 2019 , pp. 2067 - 2084
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akinin, VV and Miller, EL (2011) Evolution of calc-alkaline magmas of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. Petrology 19, 237–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, J, Audétat, A and Keppler, H (2008) The origin of the negative niobium tantalum anomaly in subduction zone magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267, 290–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balkwill, H and Hopkins, W (1976) Cretaceous stratigraphy, Hoodoo Dome, Ellef Ringnes Island, District of Franklin. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 76, 329–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bea, F (1996) Residence of REE, Y, Th and U in granites and crustal protoliths; implications for the chemistry of crustal melts. Journal of Petrology 37, 521–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, SC, Akinin, VV, Decker, J, Miller, EL and Layer, P (2006) North Alaska Upper Cretaceous tephra: Eurasian or North American source calderas? In 102nd Annual Meeting of the Cordilleran Section, GSA, 81st Annual Meeting of the Pacific Section, AAPG, and the Western Regional Meeting of the Alaska Section, SPE, 8–10 May 2006, Anchorage, Alaska. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 38, 90.Google Scholar
Black, LP, Kamo, SL, Allen, CM, Davis, DW, Aleinikoff, JN, Valley, JW, Mundil, R, Campbell, IH, Korsch, RJ, Williams, IS and Foudoulis, C (2004) Improved 206Pb/238U microprobe geochronology by the monitoring of a trace-element-related matrix effect; SHRIMP, ID–TIMS, ELA–ICP–MS and oxygen isotope documentation for a series of zircon standards. Chemical Geology 205, 115–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohor, BF and Triplehorn, DM (1993) Tonsteins: Altered Volcanic Ash Layers in Coal-Bearing Sequences. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 285, 44 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bono, R, Tarduno, J and Singer, B (2013) Cretaceous magmatism in the High Canadian Arctic: implications for the nature and age of Alpha Ridge. In EGU General Assembly Conference, 7–12 April 2013, Vienna, Austria, Abstracts no. 11429.Google Scholar
Bono, RK, Clarke, J, Tarduno, JA and Brinkman, D (2016) A large ornithurine bird (Tingmiatornis arctica) from the Turonian High Arctic: climatic and evolutionary implications. Scientific Reports 6, 38876. doi: 10.1038/srep38876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bronk Ramsey, C (2008) Deposition models for chronological records. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 42–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C and Lee, S (2013) Recent and planned developments of the program OxCal. Radiocarbon 55, 720–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cecil, MR, Gehrels, G, Ducea, MN and Patchett, PJ (2011) U–Pb–Hf characterization of the central Coast Mountains batholith: implications for petrogenesis and crustal architecture. Lithosphere 3, 247–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, GE (1998) Comparative study of the mobility of major and trace elements during alteration of an andesite and a rhyolite to bentonite, in the islands of Milos and Kimolos, Aegean, Greece. Clays and Clay Minerals 46, 379–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, GE, Scott, PS and Marcopoulos, T (1995) Origin of the bentonite deposits of eastern Milos, Aegean, Greece; geological, mineralogical and geochemical evidence. Clays and Clay Minerals 43, 63–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claiborne, LL, Miller, CF and Wooden, JL (2010) Trace element composition of igneous zircon: a thermal and compositional record of the accumulation and evolution of a large silicic batholith, Spirit Mountain, Nevada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 511–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, KM, Finney, SC, Gibbard, PL and Fan, J-X (2013) The ICS international chronostratigraphic chart. Episodes 36, 199–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, S, Wang, X, Zhou, Y, Hower, JC, Li, D, Chen, W, Zhu, X and Zou, J (2011) Chemical and mineralogical compositions of silicic, mafic, and alkali tonsteins in the late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest China. Chemical Geology 282, 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, MA, Schröder-Adams, CJ, Herrle, JO, Hülse, P, Schneider, S, Quesnel, A and Harwood, DM (2018) Integrated biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy for the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation of the High Arctic Sverdrup Basin, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 130, 1540–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, WJ, Schröder-Adams, CJ, Galloway, JM, Herrle, JO and Pugh, AT (2016) U–Pb geochronology of bentonites from the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada: constraints on sedimentation rates, biostratigraphic correlations and the late magmatic history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. Geological Magazine 154, 757–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, J (1996) Geological Atlas of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Area. Geological Survey of Canada, Miscellaneous Report 59, 173 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dostal, J and MacRae, A (2018) Cretaceous basalts of the High Arctic large igneous province at Axel Heiberg Island (Canada): volcanic stratigraphy, geodynamic setting, and origin. Geological Journal 53, 2918–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Embry, AF (1991) Mesozoic history of the Arctic islands. In Geology of the Innuitian Orogen and Arctic Platform of Canada and Greenland (ed Trettin, HP), pp. 371–430. Geology of Canada Series no. 3. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada. Google Scholar
Embry, AF and Beauchamp, B (2008) Sverdrup Basin. In The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada, vol. 5 (ed Miall, AD), pp. 451–71. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Embry, AF and Dixon, J (1990) The breakup unconformity of the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean: evidence from Arctic Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 102, 1526–34.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Embry, AF and Osadetz, KG (1988) Stratigraphy and tectonic significance of Cretaceous volcanism in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 1209–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estrada, S, Damaske, D, Henjes-Kunst, F, Schreckenberger, B, Oakey, GN, Piepjohn, K, Eckelmann, K and Linnemann, U (2016) Multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the northern coastal region of Ellesmere Island and its relation to the formation of Alpha Ridge–evidence from aeromagnetic, geochemical and geochronological data. Norwegian Journal of Geology 96, 65–95.Google Scholar
Estrada, S and Henjes-Kunst, F (2004) Volcanism in the Canadian High Arctic related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 154, 579–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estrada, S and Henjes-Kunst, F (2013) 40Ar–39Ar and U–Pb dating of Cretaceous continental rift-related magmatism on the northeast Canadian Arctic margin. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 164, 107–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estrada, S, Piepjohn, K, Henjes-Kunst, F and von Gosen, W (2006) Geology, magmatism and structural evolution of the Yelverton Bay area, northern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. Polarforschung 73, 59–75.Google Scholar
Floyd, PA and Winchester, JA (1978) Identification and discrimination of altered and metamorphosed volcanic rocks using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 21, 291–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, PE (1963) Geology of the Expedition Area, Western Central Axel Heiberg, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Montreal: McGill University, 156 pp.Google Scholar
Gaschnig, RM, Vervoort, JD, Lewis, RS and McClelland, WC (2010) Migrating magmatism in the northern US Cordillera: in situ U–Pb geochronology of the Idaho batholith. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 159, 863–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehrels, G, Rusmore, M, Woodsworth, G, Crawford, M, Andronicos, C, Hollister, L, Patchett, J, Ducea, M, Butler, R, Klepeis, K, Davidson, C, Friedman, R, Haggart, J, Mahoney, B, Crawford, W, Pearson, D and Girardi, J (2009) U–Th–Pb geochronology of the Coast Mountains batholith in north-coastal British Columbia: constraints on age and tectonic evolution. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121, 1341–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadlari, T, Midwinter, D, Galloway, JM, Dewing, K and Durbano, AM (2016) Mesozoic rift to post-rift tectonostratigraphy of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic. Marine and Petroleum Geology 76, 148–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, JC, St-Onge, MR, Petrov, OV, Strelnikov, SI, Lopatin, BG, Wilson, FH, Tella, S, Paul, D, Lynds, T, Shokalsky, SP, Hults, CK, Bergman, S, Jepsen, HF and Solli, A (2011) Geological Map of the Arctic. ‘A’ Series Map, 2159A. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrle, JO, Schröder-Adams, CJ, Davis, W, Pugh, AT, Galloway, JM and Fath, J (2015) Mid-Cretaceous High Arctic stratigraphy, climate, and Oceanic Anoxic Events. Geology 43, 403–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, IG, Worden, RH and Meighan, IG (2000) Yttrium: the immobility-mobility transition during basaltic weathering. Geology 28, 923–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, PWO, Kinny, PD, Wyborn, D and Chappell, BW (2000) Identifying accessory mineral saturation during differentiation in granitoid magmas: an integrated approach. Journal of Petrology 41, 1365–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houseknecht, DW and Bird, KJ (2011) Geology and petroleum potential of the rifted margins of the Canada Basin. In Arctic Petroleum Geology (eds Spencer, AM, Embry, AF, Gautier, DL, Stoupakova, AV and Sørensen, K), pp. 509–26. Geological Society of London, Memoir no. 35.Google Scholar
Huff, WD, Merriman, RJ, Morgan, DJ and Roberts, B (1993) Distribution and tectonic setting of Ordovician K-bentonites in the United Kingdom. Geological Magazine 130, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huff, WD, Morgan, DJ and Rundle, CC (1996) Silurian K-bentonites of the Welsh Borderlands: Geochemistry, Mineralogy and K–Ar Ages of Illitization. British Geological Survey Technical Report WG/96/45, 25 pp.Google Scholar
Inanli, FÖ, Huff, WD and Bergström, SM (2009) The lower Silurian (Llandovery) Osmundsberg K-bentonite in Baltoscandia and the British Isles: chemical fingerprinting and regional correlation. GFF 131, 269–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffey, AH, Flynn, KF, Glendenin, LE, Bentley, WC and Essling, AM (1971) Precision measurement of half-lives and specific activities of 235U and 238U. Physical Review C 4, 1889–906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, IAN, Gale, AS, Jenkyns, HC and Pearce, MA (2006) Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma). Geological Magazine 143, 561–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeletzky, JA (1970) Marine biotic provinces and palaeogeography of western and Arctic Canada: illustrated by a detailed study of ammonites. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 70, 1–92.Google Scholar
Jeon, H and Whitehouse, MJ (2015) A critical evaluation of U–Pb calibration schemes used in SIMS zircon geochronology. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 39, 443–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joo, YJ and Sageman, BB (2014) Cenomanian to Campanian carbon isotope chemostratigraphy from the Western Interior Basin, USA. Journal of Sedimentary Research 84, 529–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiipli, T, Dahlqvist, P, Kallaste, T, Kiipli, E and Nõlvak, J (2015) Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation. Geological Magazine 152, 589–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiipli, T, Einasto, R, Kallaste, T, Nestor, V, Perens, H and Siir, S (2011) Geochemistry and correlation of volcanic ash beds from the Rootsiküla Stage (Wenlock–Ludlow) in the eastern Baltic. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 60, 207–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiipli, T, Hints, R, Kallaste, T, Verš, E and Voolma, M (2017) Immobile and mobile elements during the transition of volcanic ash to bentonite – an example from the early Palaeozoic sedimentary section of the Baltic Basin. Sedimentary Geology 347, 148–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiipli, T, Kallaste, T, Kiipli, E and Radzevičius, S (2013) Correlation of Silurian bentonites based on the immobile elements in the East Baltic and Scandinavia. GFF 135, 152–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingsbury, CG, Kamo, SL, Ernst, RE, Söderlund, U and Cousens, BL (2018) U–Pb geochronology of the plumbing system associated with the Late Cretaceous Strand Fiord Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada: part of the 130–90 Ma High Arctic large igneous province. Journal of Geodynamics 118, 106–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kontak, DJ, Jensen, SM, Dostal, J, Archibald, DA and Kyser, TK (2001) Cretaceous mafic dyke swarm, Peary Land, northernmost Greenland: geochronology and petrology. The Canadian Mineralogist 39, 997–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenniger, M, Nøhr-Hansen, H, Hills, LV and Bjerrum, CJ (2014) Arctic black shale formation during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Geology 42, 799–802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C, Arndt, NT, Tang, Q and Ripley, EM (2015) Trace element indiscrimination diagrams. Lithos 232, 76–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnen, RL and Keppler, H (2002) Melt composition control of Zr/Hf fractionation in magmatic processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, 3293–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ludwig, KR (2012) User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.75: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication no. 5.Google Scholar
MacDonald, R (1974) Tectonic settings and magma associations. Bulletin Volcanologique 38, 575–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, KJ, Maloney, KT, Zahirovic, S, Williams, SE, Seton, M and Müller, RD (2016) Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic. Global and Planetary Change 146, 226–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, WF and Sun, SS (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, 223–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, EL, Gelman, M, Parfenov, L and Hourigan, J (2002) Tectonic setting of Mesozoic magmatism: a comparison between northeastern Russia and the North American Cordillera. In Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf–Chukchi Sea–Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses (eds Miller, EL, Grantz, A and Klemperer, SL), pp. 313–32. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 360.Google Scholar
Molenaar, C, Bird, K and Kirk, A (1987) Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of northeastern Alaska. In Alaskan North Slope Geology (eds Taileur, I and Weimer, P), pp. 513–28. Bakersfield, California: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.Google Scholar
Mull, CG, Houseknecht, DW and Bird, KJ (2003) Revised Cretaceous and Tertiary Stratigraphic Nomenclature in the Colville Basin, Northern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1673, 51 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Núñez-Betelu, L, MacRae, R, Hills, L and Muecke, G (1994) Uppermost Albian–Campanian palynological biostratigraphy of Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands (Canadian Arctic). In Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Arctic Margins, 2–4 September 1992, Anchorage, Alaska (eds Thurston, D and Fujita, K), pp. 135–40.Google Scholar
Nunez-Betelu, LK and Hills, LV (1994) Palynological Data from the Uppermost Hassel and Kanguk Formations and the Lowermost Eureka Sound Group (Uppermost Lower Cretaceous–Paleocene), Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands, Canadian Arctic . Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2489, 191 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, MB (1994) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous bentonites from the Kanguk Formation, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands, Canadian High Arctic. B.Sc. thesis, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada. Published thesis.Google Scholar
Pearce, JA (2014) Geochemical Fingerprinting of the Earth’s Oldest Rocks. Geology 42, 175–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pease, V, Miller, E, Wyld, SJ, Sokolov, S, Akinin, V and Wright, JE (2018) U–Pb zircon geochronology of Cretaceous arc magmatism in eastern Chukotka, NE Russia, with implications for Pacific plate subduction and the opening of the Amerasia Basin. In Circum-Arctic Lithosphere Evolution (eds Pease, V and Coakley, B), pp. 159–82. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 460.Google Scholar
Piepjohn, K, Von Gosen, W and Tessensohn, F (2016) The Eurekan deformation in the Arctic: an outline. Journal of the Geological Society, London 173, 1007–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pugh, AT, Schröder-Adams, CJ, Carter, ES, Herrle, JO, Galloway, J, Haggart, JW, Andrews, JL and Hatsukano, K (2014) Cenomanian to Santonian radiolarian biostratigraphy, carbon isotope stratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Sverdrup Basin, Ellef Ringnes Island, Nunavut, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 413, 101–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricketts, B, Osadetz, KG and Embry, AF (1985) Volcanic style in the Strand Fiord Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Polar Research 3, 107–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricketts, BD (1986) New formations in the Eureka Sound Group, Canadian Arctic Islands. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part B, Paper 86-1B, 363–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricketts, BD (1991) Delta evolution in the Eureka Sound Group, western Axel Heiberg Island: the transition from wave-dominated to fluvial-dominated deltas. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 402, 1–72.Google Scholar
Ricketts, BD (1994) Basin Analysis, Eureka Sound Group, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 439, 119 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudnick, RL and Gao, S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In Treatise on Geochemistry (eds Holland, HD and Turekian, KK), pp. 1–64. Oxford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Saumur, BM, Dewing, K and Williamson, MC (2016) Architecture of the Canadian portion of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province and implications for magmatic Ni–Cu potential. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, 528–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schandl, ES and Gorton, MP (2002) Application of high field strength elements to discriminate tectonic settings in VMS environments. Economic Geology 97, 629–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoene, B, Crowley, JL, Condon, DJ, Schmitz, MD and Bowring, SA (2006) Reassessing the uranium decay constants for geochronology using ID-TIMS U–Pb data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 426–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schröder-Adams, CJ, Herrle, JO, Embry, AF, Haggart, JW, Galloway, JM, Pugh, AT and Harwood, DM (2014) Aptian to Santonian foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental change in the Sverdrup Basin as revealed at Glacier Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 413, 81–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sell, BK, Samson, SD, Mitchell, CE, McLaughlin, PI, Koenig, AE and Leslie, SA (2015) Stratigraphic correlations using trace elements in apatite from Late Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) K-bentonites of eastern North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin 127, 1259–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, CA (2006) A reevaluation of tectonic discrimination diagrams and a new probabilistic approach using large geochemical databases: moving beyond binary and ternary plots. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111, B06206. doi: 10.1029/2005JB003799. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souther, JG (1963) Geological transverse across Axel Heiberg Island from Buchanan Lake to Strand Fiord. In Geology of the North-Central Part of the Arctic Archipelago, Northwest Territories (Operation Franklin) (ed. Fortier, YO), pp. 426–48. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 320.Google Scholar
Spears, DA, Kanaris-Sotiriou, R, Riley, N and Krause, P (1999) Namurian bentonites in the Pennine Basin, UK – origin and magmatic affinities. Sedimentology 46, 385–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spicer, RA and Herman, AB (2010) The Late Cretaceous environment of the Arctic: a quantitative reassessment based on plant fossils. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 295, 423–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stacey, JS and Kramers, JD (1975) Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 26, 207–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiger, RH and Jäger, E (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36, 359–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tapia, PM and Harwood, DM (2002) Upper Cretaceous diatom biostratigraphy of the Arctic Archipelago and northern continental margin, Canada. Micropaleontology 48, 303–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarduno, JA, Brinkman, DB, Renne, PR, Cottrell, RD, Scher, H and Castillo, P (1998) Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates. Science 282, 2241–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tegner, C, Storey, M, Holm, PM, Thorarinsson, SB, Zhao, X, Lo, CH and Knudsen, MF (2011) Magmatism and Eurekan deformation in the High Arctic Large Igneous Province: 40Ar–39Ar age of Kap Washington Group volcanics, North Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 303, 203–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thórarinsson, SB, Holm, PM, Tappe, S, Heaman, LM and Tegner, C (2011) Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene continental rifting in the High Arctic: U–Pb geochronology of the Kap Washington Group volcanic sequence, North Greenland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 168, 1093–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thórarinsson, SB, Söderlund, U, Døssing, A, Holm, PM, Ernst, RE and Tegner, C (2015) Rift magmatism on the Eurasia basin margin: U–Pb baddeleyite ages of alkaline dyke swarms in North Greenland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 172, 721–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tikhomirov, PL, Kalinina, EA, Kobayashi, K and Nakamura, E (2008) Late Mesozoic silicic magmatism of the North Chukotka area (NE Russia): age, magma sources, and geodynamic implications. Lithos 105, 329–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tikhomirov, PL, Kalinina, EA, Moriguti, T, Makishima, A, Kobayashi, K, Cherepanova, IY and Nakamura, E (2012) The Cretaceous Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt (NE Russia): geology, geochronology, magma output rates, and implications on the genesis of silicic LIPs. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 221–222, 14–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tozer, ET (1963) Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy. In Geology of the North Central Part of the Arctic Archipelago, Northwest Territories (Operation Franklin) (ed. Fortier, YO), pp. 74–100. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 320.Google Scholar
Tozer, ET and Thorsteinsson, R (1964) Western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 332, 242 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trettin, HP (1996) Chemical Analyses of Upper Cretaceous Volcanics and Related(?) Sills, Northwestern Ellesmere Island, District of Franklin. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 3274, 30 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trettin, HP and Parrish, R (1987) Late Cretaceous bimodal magmatism, northern Ellesmere Island: isotopic age and origin. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, 257–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullius, DN, Leier, AL, Galloway, JM, Embry, AF and Pedersen, PK (2014) Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Isachsen Formation: Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Marine and Petroleum Geology 57, 135–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vavrek, MJ, Hills, LV and Currie, PJ (2014) A hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Kanguk Formation of Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada, and its ecological and geographical implications. Arctic 67, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villeneuve, M and Williamson, M-C (2006) 40Ar–39 Ar dating of mafic magmatism from the Sverdrup Basin magmatic province. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Arctic Margins (ICAM IV), 30 September – 3 October 2003, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia (eds Scott, RA and Thurston, DK), pp. 206–15.Google Scholar
Wang, P and Glover, L (1992) A tectonics test of the most commonly used geochemical discriminant diagrams and patterns. Earth-Science Reviews 33, 111–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wark, DA and Miller, CF (1993) Accessory mineral behavior during differentiation of a granite suite: monazite, xenotime and zircon in the Sweetwater Wash pluton, southeastern California, U.S.A. Chemical Geology 110, 49–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, EB (1979) Zircon saturation in felsic liquids: experimental results and applications to trace element geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70, 407–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, C (1963) Interpretative value of heavy minerals from bentonites. Journal of Sedimentary Research 33, 343–49.Google Scholar
Wheeler, JO, Brookfield, AJ, Gabrielse, H, Monger, JWH, Tipper, HW and Woodsworth, GJ (1991) Terrane Map of the Canadian Cordillera. ‘A’ Series Map, 1713A. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehouse, MJ and Kamber, BS (2005) Assigning dates to thin gneissic veins in high-grade metamorphic terranes: a cautionary tale from Akilia, southwest Greenland. Journal of Petrology 46, 291–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedenbeck, M, Allé, P, Corfu, F, Griffin, WL, Meier, M, Oberli, F, Quadt, AV, Roddick, JC and Spiegel, W (1995) Three natural zircon standards for U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 19, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winchester, JA and Floyd, PA (1977) Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witkowski, J, Harwood, DM and Chin, K (2011) Taxonomic composition, paleoecology and biostratigraphy of Late Cretaceous diatoms from Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic. Cretaceous Research 32, 277–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, DS (1995) Origin of clay-rich beds in Turonian chalks from Lower Saxony, Germany — a rare-earth element study. Chemical Geology 119, 161–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, RA (1982) The mobility of uranium and other elements during alteration of rhyolite ash to montmorillonite: a case study in the Troublesome Formation, Colorado, U.S.A. Chemical Geology 35, 185–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Pointon et al. supplementary material

Tables S1 and S2

Download Pointon et al. supplementary material(File)
File 86 KB
Supplementary material: PDF

Pointon et al. supplementary material

Figures S1 and S2

Download Pointon et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 1.1 MB