Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T17:45:07.395Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of multi-trend major fault reactivation during multiphase rifting: Beier Depression, Hailar Basin, NE China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2022

Rui Lou ,
Yonghe Sun Open the ORCID record for Yonghe Sun [Opens in a new window] ,
Tingen Fan ,
Hongjun Fan  and
Lu Liu
Rui Lou
Affiliation:
Earth Science College, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing163318, Heilongjiang, China
Yonghe Sun*
Affiliation:
Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing401331, China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Field Exploration and Development, Chongqing401331, China
Tingen Fan
Affiliation:
Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing100027, China
Hongjun Fan
Affiliation:
Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing100027, China
Lu Liu
Affiliation:
Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing401331, China
*
Author for correspondence: Yonghe Sun, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Complex fault patterns associated with rift development in the Hailar Basin were largely influenced by the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean and Palaeo-Pacific tectonic regimes during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods. Based on 3D seismic data from the Beier Depression in the Hailar Basin, we characterized the reactivation history of multi-trend major faults and examined the evolution of the Beier Depression during the Early Cretaceous period. NE–SW-, NW–SE- and ENE–WSW-oriented major faults originated from strike-slip-associated structures that were pre-existing fabrics and then were reactivated and propagated upward under extensional regimes in the Late Jurassic. During the syn-rift stage (K1t–K1n), the Hailar Basin was in a NNW–SSE- to NW–SE-oriented extensional setting, and major faults of all orientations were active. There was tectonic quiescence (K1n1L) between the syn-rift stages (a rifting transition stage). The short compression stage after the syn-rift stage caused regional compressional deformation. During the post-rift stage (K1d–K1y), the extension direction rotated to an E–W orientation, and a new population of N–S-trending faults formed together with the reactivation of NE–SW- and ENE–WSW-trending major faults. Structural analysis shows that the major ENE–WSW-trending major faults were polycyclic growth faults reactivated via an upward propagation mode and that the NE–SW-trending faults were dip linkage faults reactivated via a dip linkage mode. The reactivation intensity of the NE–SW-trending major faults was stronger than that of the ENE–WSW-trending major faults. These results demonstrate the differences in the evolution of the different trending faults in the same tectonic regime, and the complexity of the final fault patterns in the Beier Depression was produced by differences in the reactivation of major faults. The originate interpretation of the multi-trend major faults in the Hailar Basin provides new insights into fault generation, and the classification of fault growth also has useful implications for future research on multiphase rifts.

Keywords

multiphase riftingfault reactivationHailar BasinBeier Depressionmulti-trend fault
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 10 , October 2022 , pp. 1767 - 1786
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baudon, C and Cartwright, J (2008b) Early stage evolution of growth faults: 3D seismic insights from the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Structural Geology 30, 888–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudon, C and Cartwright, J (2008c) The kinematics of reactivation of normal faults using high resolution throw mapping. Journal of Structural Geology 30, 1072–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudon, C and Cartwright, JA (2008a) 3D seismic characterisation of an array of blind normal faults in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Structural Geology 30, 746–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonini, L, Basili, R, Toscani, G, Burrato, P, Seno, S and Valensise, G (2015) The role of pre-existing discontinuities in the development of extensional faults: an analog modeling perspective. Journal of Structural Geology 74, 145–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, J, Huuse, M and Aplin, A (2007) Seal bypass systems. AAPG Bulletin 91, 1141–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, JA and Mansfield, CS (1998) Lateral displacement variation and lateral tip geometry of normal faults in the Canyonlands National Park, Utah. Journal of Structural Geology 20, 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, CY, Gao, YF, Wu, HB, Qu, XJ, Liu, ZW, Bai, XF and Wang, PJ (2016) Zircon U-Pb chronology of volcanic rocks in the Hailar basin, NE China and its geological implications. Earth Science 41, 1259–74 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Childs, C, Easton, SJ, Vendeville, BC, Jackson, MPA, Lin, ST, Walsh, JJ and Watterson, J (1993) Kinematic analysis of faults in a physical model of growth faulting above a viscous salt analogue. Tectonophysics 228, 313–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, C, Nicol, A, Walsh, JJ and Watterson, J (1996) Growth of vertically segmented normal faults Journal of Structural Geology 18, 1389–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, C, Nicol, A, Walsh, JJ and Watterson, J (2003) The growth and propagation of synsedimentary faults. Journal of Structural Geology 25, 633–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delogkos, E, Manzocchi, T, Childs, C, Camanni, G and Roche, V (2020) The 3D structure of a normal fault from multiple outcrop observations. Journal of Structural Geology 136, 104009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, C, Fossen, H, Gawthorpe, R, Rotevatn, A, Jackson, C and Fazlikhani, H (2017) Influence of fault reactivation during multiphase rifting: The Oseberg area, northern north sea rift. Marine and Petroleum Geology 86, 1252–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, H and McClay, K (2019) Development of extensional fault and fold system: insights from 3D seismic interpretation of the Enderby Terrace, NW Shelf of Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 104, 11–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, H, McClay, K and Bilal, A (2020) 3D structure and evolution of an extensional fault network of the eastern Dampier sub-basin, north west shelf of Australia. Journal of Structural Geology 132, 103972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, SW, Zhang, YQ, Long, CX, Yang, ZY, Ji, Q, Wang, T, Hu, JM and Chen, XH (2007) Jurassic tectonic evolution in China and new interpretation of the Yanshan Movement. Acta Geologica Sinica 81, 1449–61 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Dong, Y, Ge, WC, Yang, H, Xu, WL, Zhang, YL, Bi, JH and Liu, XW (2016) Geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotopes of Jurassic intermediate-acidic intrusions in the Xing’an Block, northeastern China: petrogenesis and implications for subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 118, 11–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrill, DA, McGinnis, RN, Morris, AP, McGinnis, RN, Smart, KJ, Wigginton, SS and Hill, NJ (2017) Mechanical stratigraphy and normal faulting. Review article. Journal of Structural Geology 94, 275–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrill, DA and Morris, AP (2008) Fault zone deformation controlled by carbonate mechanical stratigraphy, Balcones fault system, Texas. AAPG Bulletin 92, 359–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrill, DA, Morris, AP and Mcginnis, RN (2012) Extensional fault-propagation folding in mechanically layered rocks: The case against the frictional drag mechanism. Tectonophysics 576–577, 78–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, J, Liu, Z, Wu, X, Xu, Y, Huang, C, Mei, M and Sun, LN (2014) Structural deformation control over the subsidence center migration of Wuerxun Sag in Hailar Basin. Journal of Jilin University 44, 15–24 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Ge, JW, Zhu, XM, Wang, R, Jones, BG and Chen, WC (2018) Tectono-sedimentary evolution and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the early Cretaceous Tanan depression, Tamtsag basin, Mongolia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 94, 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giba, M, Walsh, JJ and Nicol, A (2012) Segmentation and growth of an obliquely reactivated normal fault. Journal of Structural Geology 39, 253–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gou, J, Sun, DY, Zhao, ZH, Ren, YS, Zhang, XY, Fu, CL, Wang, X and Wei, HY (2010) Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating and petrogenesis of rhyolite in Baiyingaolao formation from the southern manzhouli, inner-Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 26, 333–44 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Henza, AA, Withjack, M and Schlische, RW (2010) Normal-fault development during two phases of non-coaxial extension: an experimental study. Journal of Structural Geology 32, 1656–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henza, AA, Withjack, MO and Schlische, RW (2011) How do the properties of a pre-existing normal-fault population influence fault development during a subsequent phase of extension? Journal of Structural Geology 33, 1312–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holdsworth, RE, Butler, CA and Roberts, AM (1997) The recognition of reactivation during continental deformation. Journal of the Geological Society, London 154, 73–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, AL and Rotevatn, A (2013) 3D seismic analysis of the structure and evolution of a salt-influenced normal fault zone: a test of competing fault growth models. Journal of Structural Geology 54, 215–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, Z, Ge, WC, Wang, QH, Yang, H, Zhao, GC, Bi, JH and Dong, Y (2016) Petrogenesis of early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the Manketouebo formation in the Wuchagou region, central great Xing’an range, NE China, and tectonic implications: geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotopic evidence. International Geology Review 58, 556–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, JL, Liu, ZJ, Miao, CS, Fang, S, Zhou, R, Meng, Q, Chen, YC, Yan, L and Yang, D (2014) Depositional model and evolution for a deep-water sublacustrine fan system from the syn-rift lower cretaceous Nantun formation of the Tanan subbasin (Tamtsagbasin, Mongolia). Marine and Petroleum Geology 57, 264–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y-S and Sanderson, DJ (2005) The relationship between displacement and length of faults: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 68, 317–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, CF, Zhou, ZG, Tang, YJ, Wu, CW, Li, HY, Zhu, Y, Jiang, T and Liu, WC (2017) Geochronology and tectonic settings of late Jurassic – early Cretaceous intrusive rocks in the Ulanhot region, central and southern Da Xingan Range. Geological Magazine 1, 1–23.Google Scholar
Liu, ZH, Liu, HJ, Wang, P, Wu, XM, Zhu, D and Wan, CB (2009) Discovery of compressional structure in Wuerxun–Beier sag in hailar basin of northeastern China and its geological significance. Frontiers in Earth Science 16, 138–46 (in Chinese with English abstract).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, ZH, Wan, CB, Ren, YG, Li, CB, Zhang, H and Liu, HJ (2006) Geological features and the rule of oil and gas accumulation of Wurxun-Beier Subbasin in Hailaer Basin. Journal of Jilin University 36, 527–34.Google Scholar
Luo, JS, Sun, YH, Wang, YG, Xie, ZH and Meng, LD (2021) Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Liaodong Bay sub-basin, Bohai Bay basin, eastern China: Constraints from seismic data. Marine and Petroleum Geology 134, 105346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansfield, CS and Cartwright, JA (1996) High resolution fault displacement mapping from three-dimensional seismic data: Evidence for dip linkage during fault growth. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 249–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maunde, A and Alves, TM (2020) Impact of tectonic rafts’ gravitational instability on fault reactivation and geometry. Journal of Structural Geology 130, 103916.1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClay, KR, Dooley, T, Whitehouse, P and Mills, M (2002) 4-D evolution of rift systems. AAPG Bulletin 86, 935–59.Google Scholar
McClay, KR and White, MJ (1995) Analogue modelling of orthogonal and oblique rifting. Marine and Petroleum Geology 12, 137–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, E, Xu, WL, Yang, DB, Qiu, KF, Li, CH and Zhu, HT (2011) Zircon U-Pb chronology, geochemistry of Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Lingquan basin in Manzhouli area, and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 1209–26 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Meng, FC, Liu, JQ, Cui, Y, Gao, JL, Liu, X and Tong, Y (2014) Mesozoic tectonic regimes transition in the Northeast China: constraints from temporal-spatial distribution and associations of volcanic rocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica 30, 3569–86 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Meng, QA, Wan, CB and Zhu, DF (2013) Age assignment and geological significance of the ‘Budate Group’ in the Hailar Basin. Science China: Earth Sciences 56, 970–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, CK (1999) How successful are analogue models in addressing the influence of pre-existing fabrics on rift structure? Journal of Structural Geology 21, 1267–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, CK (2002) Evolution of large normal faults: evidence from seismic reflection data. AAPG Bulletin 86, 961–78.Google Scholar
Morley, CK (2017) The impact of multiple extension events, stress rotation and inherited fabrics on normal fault geometries and evolution in the Cenozoic rift basins of Thailand. In The Geometry and Growth of Normal Faults (eds Childs, C, Holdsworth, CE, Jackson, CA-L, Manzocchi, T. Walsh, JJ and Yielding, G), pp. 413–45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 439.Google Scholar
Morley, CK, Gabdi, S and Seusutthiya, K (2007) Fault superimposition and linkage resulting from stress changes during rifting: examples from 3D seismic data, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 646–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, CK, Haranya, C and Phoosongsee, WS (2004) Activation of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style: examples from the rifts of Thailand. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 1803–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, A, Walsh, J, Berryman, K and Nodder, S (2005) Growth of a normal fault by the accumulation of slip over millions of years. Journal of Structural Geology 27, 327–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, A, Watterson, J, Walsh, JJ and Childs, C (1996) The shapes, major axis orientations and displacement patterns of fault surfaces. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 235–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osagiede, EE, Duffy, OB, Jackson, CAL and Wrona, T (2014) Quantifying the growth history of seismically imaged normal faults. Journal of Structural Geology 66, 382–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parfenov, LM, Popeko, LI and Tomurtogoo, O (2001) Problems of tectonics of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. Geology of the Pacific Ocean 16, 797–830.Google Scholar
Peacock, DCP and Sanderson, DJ (1991) Displacements, segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 13, 721–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacock, DCP and Sanderson, DJ (1994) Geometry and development of relay ramps in normal fault systems. AAPG Bulletin 78, 147–65.Google Scholar
Peacock, DCP and Zhang, X (1993) Field examples and numerical modeling oversteps and bends along normal faults in cross section. Tectonophysics 234, 147–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pochat, S, Castelltort, S and Choblet, G (2009) High-resolution record of tectonic and sedimentary processes in growth strata. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, 1350–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pongwapee, S, Morley, CK and Wonin, K (2019) Impact of pre-existing fabrics and multiphase oblique extension on Cenozoic fault patterns, Wichianburi sub-basin of the Phetchabun rift, Thailand. Journal of Structural Geology 118, 340–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, J, Lyu, DY, Chen, XP, Liu, PB, Guan, DY, Su, K and Zhang, HG (2019) Oblique extension of pre-existing structures and its control on oil accumulation in eastern Bohai Sea. Petroleum Exploration and Development 46, 553–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, P and Krantz, RW (1991) Experiments on fault reactivation in strike-slip mode. Tectonophysics 188, 117–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roche, V, Camanni, G, Childs, C, Manzocchi, T, Walsh, J, Conneally, J, Saqab, MM and Delogkos, E (2021) Variability in the three-dimensional geometry of segmented normal fault surfaces. Earth-Science Reviews 11, 103523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roche, V, Childs, C, Madritsch, H and Camanni, G (2020) Layering and structural inheritance controls on fault zone structure in three dimensions: a case study from the northern Molasse Basin, Switzerland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 177, 493–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roche, V, Homberg, C and Rocher, M (2013) Fault nucleation, restriction, and aspect ratio in layered sections: quantification of the strength and stiffness roles using numerical modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118, 1–15.Google Scholar
Roche, V, Homberg, C, van der Baan, M and Rocher, M (2017) Widening of normal fault zones due to the inhibition of vertical propagation. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 439, 271–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmatz, J, Vrolijk, PJ and Urai, JL (2010) Clay smear in normal fault zones: the effect of multilayers and clay cementation in water-saturated model experiments. Journal of Structural Geology 32, 1834–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schöpfer, MPJ, Childs, C and Walsh, JJ (2006) Localization of normal faults in multilayer sequences. Journal of Structural Geology 28, 816–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, H, Li, CB, Chen, FJ, Yin, W and Zhang, Y (2005) Evolution characteristics of extensional faulted subbasin basin: an example from Beier Subbasin in Hailaer Basin. Geoscience 19, 287–94.Google Scholar
Shi, L, Zheng, CQ, Yao, WG, Li, J, Cui, FH, Gao, F, Gao, Y, Xu, JL and Han, XM (2015) Geochronological framework and tectonic setting of the granitic magmatism in the Chaihe-Moguqi region, central Great Xing’an Range, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 113, 443–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M and Mosley, P (1993) Crustal heterogeneity and basement influence on the development of the Kenya Rift, East Africa. Tectonics 2, 591–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, J, Liu, ZH, Wang, C, Gao, X and Liu, XW (2019) Multistage structural deformations of a superimposed basin system and its tectonic response to regional geological evolution: a case study from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Tanan depression, Hailar-Tamtsag basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology 110, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorokin, AA, Kudryashov, NM and Sorokin, AP (2002) Fragments of Paleozoic active margins at the southern periphery of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Foldbelt: evidence from the northeastern Argun Terrane, Amur River Region. Doklady Earth Sciences 387, 1038–42.Google Scholar
Sorokin, AA, Kudryashov, NM and Sorokin, AP (2003) Geochronology, geochemistry, and geodynamic setting of Paleozoic Granitoids in the Eastern Segment of Mongol–Okhotsk Belt. Doklady Earth Sciences 393, 1136–40.Google Scholar
Sorokin, AA, Kudryashov, NM and Sorokin, AP (2005) Late Paleozoic Urusha Magmatic Complex in the southern framing of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Belt (Amur Region): age and geodynamic setting. Petrology 13, 596–610.Google Scholar
Sun, XM, Lu, BL, Zhang, MS, Du, JY and Xu, WQ (2011) Typical structural styles and deformation sequence in outcrop area of Hailaer Basin and its margin. Journal of Jilin University 41, 1–8 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Tang, J, Xu, WL, Wang, F and Ge, WC (2018) Subduction history of the paleo-Pacific slab beneath Eurasian continent: Mesozoic-Paleogene magmatic records in northeast Asia. Science China Earth Sciences 61, 527–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, J, Xu, WL, Wang, F, Zhao, S and Li, Y (2015) Geochronology, geochemistry, and deformation history of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks in the Erguna Massif, NE China: constraints on the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogenic belt. Tectonophysics 658, 91–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, HM, Nie, JY, Meng, LJ, Zhang, HB and Li, XN (2009) The law of basement pre-existing fabric controlling fault formation and evolution in rift basin. Earth Science Frontiers 16, 97–104 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Tvedt, ABM, Rotevatn, A and Jackson, AL (2013) Growth of normal faults in multilayer sequences: a 3D seismic case study from the Egersund Basin, Norwegian North Sea. Journal of Structural Geology 55, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasquez, L, Nalpas, T, Ballard, JF, De Veslud, CLC, Simon, B and Dauteuil, O (2018) 3D geometries of normal faults in a brittle-ductile sedimentary cover: analogue modelling. Journal of Structural Geology 112, 29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, JJ, Bailey, WR, Childs, C, Nicol, A and Bonson, CG (2003) Formation of segmented normal faults: A 3-D perspective. Journal of Structural Geology 25, 1251–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, JJ, Nicol, A and Childs, C (2002) An alternative model for the growth of faults. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 1669–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, FW, Chen, DX, Wang, QC, Shi, XB, Xie, GJ, Wang, ZY, Li, JH and Liao, WH (2020) Evolution characteristics of transtensional faults and their impacts on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation: a case study from the Huimin Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 120, 104507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T, Guo, L, Zhang, L, Yang, Q, Zhang, J, Tong, Y and Ke, Y (2015) Timing and evolution of Jurassic–Cretaceous granitoid magmatism in the Mongol–Okhotsk belt and adjacent areas, NE Asia: implications for transition from contractional crustal thickening to extensional thinning and geodynamic settings. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 97, 365–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, W, Tang, J and Xu, WL (2015) Geochronology and geochemistry of Early Jurassic volcanic rocks in the Erguna Massif, northeast China: petrogenesis and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt. Lithos 218–219, 73–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, MJ, Da Vies, RK, Knipe, RJ and Tueckmantel, C (2009) A dynamic model for fault nucleation and propagation in a mechanically layered section. Tectonophysics 474, 473–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, SH, Bretan, PG and Rutter, EH (1986) Fault-zone reactivation: kinematics and mechanisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A317, 81–97.Google Scholar
Xu, MJ, Xu, WL and Meng, E (2011) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Shanghulin-Xiangyang basin in Ergun area, northeastern Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 30, 1321–38.Google Scholar
Zhang, JH, Ge, WC and Wu, FY (2006) Mesozoic bimodal volcanic suite in Zhalantun of the Da Hinggan Range and its geological significance: zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic constraints. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition 80, 58–69.Google Scholar
Zhang, JL, Meng, QA and Qi, JF (2012) Multi-stage structural deformation features and hydrocarbon accumulation in faulted basin: a case study in Nanbeier sag of Hailartamtsag Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment 34, 368–75 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zheng, CQ, Zhou, JB and Jin, W (2009) Geochronology in the north segment of the Derbugan fault zone, Great Xing’an Range, NE China. Acta Petrologica Sinica 25, 1989–2000.Google Scholar
Zheng, H, Mao, AQ, Chen, W and Zhu, DF (2021) Fracture evolution in oil-rich rhyolitic lavas of the Hailar Basin, northeastern China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 124, 104811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Y, Ji, YL, Pigott, JD, Meng, QA and Wan, L (2014) Tectono-stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Tanan sub-basin, Tamtsag Basin, Mongolia: sequence architecture, depositional systems and controls on sediment infill. Marine and Petroleum Geology 49, 176–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, RX, Chen, L, Wu, FY and Liu, JL (2011) Timing, scale and mechanism of the destruction of the north China craton. Science China 54, 789–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, RX, Yang, JH and Wu, FY (2012) Timing of destruction of the north China craton. Lithos 149, 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar