Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:16:53.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative studies on two phases of Archaean TTG magmas from different blocks of the North China Craton: petrogenesis and constraints on crustal evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2020

Houxiang Shan Open the ORCID record for Houxiang Shan [Opens in a new window] ,
Mingguo Zhai ,
RN Mitchell ,
Fu Liu  and
Jinghui Guo
Houxiang Shan*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing100029, China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
Mingguo Zhai*
Affiliation:
Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
RN Mitchell
Affiliation:
Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
Fu Liu
Affiliation:
Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
Jinghui Guo
Affiliation:
Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
*
Author for correspondence: Houxiang Shan; Mingguo Zhai, Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Author for correspondence: Houxiang Shan; Mingguo Zhai, Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Whole-rock major and trace elements and Hf isotopes of magmatic zircons of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) rocks with different ages (2.9, 2.7 and 2.5 Ga) from the three blocks (the Eastern Block, Western Block and Trans-North China Orogen) of the North China Craton were compiled to investigate their respective petrogenesis, tectonic setting and implications for crustal growth and evolution. Geochemical features of the 2.5 Ga TTGs of the Eastern Block require melting of predominant rutile-bearing eclogite and subordinate garnet-amphibolite at higher pressure, while the source material of the 2.7 Ga TTGs is garnet-amphibolite or granulite at lower pressure. The 2.5 Ga TTGs have high Mg#, Cr and Ni, negative Nb–Ta anomalies and a juvenile basaltic crustal source, indicating derivation from the melting of a subducting slab. In contrast, features of the 2.7 Ga TTGs suggest generation from melting of thickened lower crust. The 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen were formed at garnet-amphibolite to eclogite facies, and the source material of the 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Western Block is most likely garnet-amphibolite or eclogite. The 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen and Western Block were generated by the melting of a subducting slab, whereas the 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen derived from melting of thickened lower crust. The Hf isotopic data suggest both the 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTG magmas were involved with contemporary crustal growth and reworking. The two-stage model age (TDM2) histograms show major crustal growth between 2.9 and 2.7 Ga for the whole North China Craton.

Keywords

TTG gneissesArchaeanpetrogenesiscrustal evolutionNorth China Craton
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 3 , March 2021 , pp. 459 - 474
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arndt, NT and Goldstein, SL (1989) An open boundary between lower continental crust and mantle: its role in crust formation and crustal recycling. Tectonophysics 161, 201–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arth, JG and Hanson, GN (1972) Quartz diorites derived by partial melting of eclogite or amphibolite at mantle depths. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 37, 161–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atherton, MP and Petford, N (1993) Generation of sodium-rich magmas from newly underplated basaltic crust. Nature 362, 144–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, F (1979) Trondhjemite: definition, environment and hypotheses of origin. In Trondhjemites, Dacites and Related Rocks (ed. Barker, F), pp. 1–12. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Google Scholar
Barker, F and Arth, JG (1976) Generation of trondhjemitic-tonalitic liquids and Archean bimodal trondhjemite-basalt suites. Geology 4, 596–600.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, JS and Lofgren, GE (1991) Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1, 3, and 6.9 kb. Journal of Petrology 32, 365–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedard, JH (2006) A catalytic delamination-driven model for coupled genesis of Archean crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 1188–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belousova, EA, Kostitsyn, YA, Griffin, WL, Begg, GC, O’Reilly, SY and Pearson, NJ (2010) The growth of the continental crust: constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos 119, 457–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belousova, EA, Reid, AJ, Griffin, WL and O’Reilly, SY (2009) Rejuvenation vs. recycling of Archean crust in the Gawler Craton, South Australia: evidence from U–Pb and Hf isotopes in detrital zircon. Lithos 113, 570–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blichert-Toft, J and Albarède, F (1997) The Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 243–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condie, KC (2005) TTGs and adakites: are they both slab melts? Lithos 80, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Defant, MJ and Drummond, MS (1990) Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature 347, 662–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, MS and Defant, MJ (1990) A model for trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 95, 21503–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, S, Buhre, S and Jacob, DE (2003) Evolution of the Archaean crust by delamination and shallow subduction. Nature 421, 249–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foley, SF, Tiepolo, M and Vannucci, R (2002) Growth of early continental crust controlled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones. Nature 417, 837–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Getsinger, A, Rushmer, T, Jackson, MD and Baker, D (2009) Generating high Mg-numbers and chemical diversity in tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) magmas during melting and melt segregation in the continental crust. Journal of Petrology 50, 1935–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glikson, AY (1979) Early Precambrian tonalite-trondhjemite sialic nuclei. Earth Science Reviews 15, 1–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, WL, Belousova, EA, Walters, SG and O’Reilly, SY (2006) Archaean and Proterozoic crustal evolution in the Eastern Succession of the Mt Isa district, Australia: U–Pb and Hf-isotope studies of detrital zircons. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, 125–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, WL, Pearson, NJ, Belousova, E, Jackson, SE, Achterbergh, E, Suzanne, YO and Shee, SR (2000) The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 133–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, W, Wang, X, Jackson, S, Pearson, N, O’Reilly, SY, Xu, X and Zhou, X (2002) Zircon chemistry and magma mixing, SE China: in-situ analysis of Hf isotopes, Tonglu and Pingtan igneous complexes. Lithos 61, 237–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, JH, Sun, M, Chen, FK and Zhai, MG (2005) Sm–Nd and SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of high-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China Craton: timing of Paleoproterozoic continental collision. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 629–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, JH and Zhai, MG (2001) Sm–Nd age dating of high-pressure granulites and amphibolites from the Sanggan area, North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin 46, 106–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkesworth, CJ, Dhuime, B, Pietranik, AB, Cawood, PA, Kemp, AIS and Storey, CD (2010) The generation and evolution of the continental crust. Journal of the Geological Society, London 167, 229–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, JE, Carsten, M, Næraa, T, Rosing, MT, Herwartz, D, Garbe-Schonberg, D and Svahnberg, H (2011) Mechanisms of Archean crust formation inferred from high-precision HFSE systematics in TTGs. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 4178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, BM, Auvray, B, Cornichet, J, Bai, YL, Shen, QH and Liu, DY (1987) 3.5 Ga old amphibolites from eastern Hebei Province, China: field occurrence, petrography, Sm–Nd isochron age and REE geochemistry. Precambrian Research 34, 311–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, BM, Auvray, B, Shen, QH, Liu, DY, Zhang, ZQ, Dong, YJ, Ye, XJ, Zhang, QZ, Cornichet, J and Mace, J (1988) Archean crustal evolution in China: the Taishan complex, and evidence for juvenile crustal addition from long-term depleted mantle. Precambrian Research 38, 381–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröner, A (1991) Tectonic evolution in the Archaean and Proterozoic. Tectonophysics 187, 393–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröner, A and Layer, PW (1992) Crust formation and plate motion on the early Archean. Science 256, 1405–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kröner, A, Wilde, SA, Li, JH and Wang, KY (2005) Age and evolution of a late Archean to Paleoproterozoic upper to lower crustal section in the Wutaishan/Hengshan/Fuping terrain of northern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 577–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröner, A, Wilde, SA, Zhao, GC, O’Brien, PJ, Sun, M, Liu, DY, Wan, YS, Liu, S and Guo, JH (2006) Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan complex of northern China: evidence for late Paleoproterozoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 146, 45–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusky, TM (2011) Geophysical and geological tests of tectonic models of the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 20, 26–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusky, TM and Li, JH (2003) Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 22, 383–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusky, T, Li, J and Santosh, M (2007) The Paleoproterozoic North Hebei Orogen: North China craton’s collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent. Gondwana Research 12, 4–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, XP, Yang, ZY, Zhao, GC, Grapes, R and Guo, JH (2011a) Geochronology of khondalite-series rocks of the Jining complex: confirmation of depositional age and tectonometamorphic evolution of the North China Craton. International Geology Review 53, 1194–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, SZ and Zhao, GC (2007) SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Liaoji granitoids: constraints on the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 158, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, SZ, Zhao, GC, Santosh, M, Liu, X and Dai, LM (2011b) Palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton: a review. Geological Journal 46, 525–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, SZ, Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Han, ZZ, Luo, Y, Hao, DF and Xia, XP (2005) Deformation history of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe assemblage in the eastern block of the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 659–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z, Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Han, ZZ, Zhao, GT and Hao, DF (2006) Are the South and North Liaohe Groups of the North China Craton different exotic terranes? Nd isotope constraints. Gondwana Research 9, 198–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, SZ, Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Wu, FY, Liu, JZ, Hao, DF, Han, Z and Luo, Y (2004) Mesozoic, not Paleoproterozoic SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages of two Liaoji granites, Eastern Block, North China Craton. International Geology Review 46, 162–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, DY, Nutman, AP, Compston, W, Wu, JS and Shen, QH (1992) Remnants of ≥3800 Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton. Geology 20, 339–42.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, SW, Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Shu, GM, Sun, M, Li, QG, Tian, W and Zhang, J (2006) Th–U–Pb monazite geochronology of the Lvliang and Wutai complex: constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research 148, 205–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, LZ, Xu, XC and Liu, FL (1996) Early Precambrian Khondalites in Northern China. Changchun: Changchun Press, 276 pp.Google Scholar
Luo, Y, Sun, M, Zhao, GC, Ayers, JC, Li, SZ, Xia, XP and Zhang, JH (2008) A comparison of U–Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the North and South Liaohe Group: constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China Craton. Precambrian Research 163, 279–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H (1986) Effect of steeper Archean geothermal gradient on geochemistry of subduction-zone magmas. Geology 14, 753–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H (1987) Petrogenesis of Archaean trondhjemites, tonalites, and granodiorites from eastern Finland: major and trace element geochemistry. Journal of Petrology 28, 921–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H (1999) Adakitic magmas: modern analogues of Archaean granitoids. Lithos 46, 411–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H and Moyen, JF (2002) Secular changes in tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite composition as markers of the progressive cooling of Earth. Geology 30, 319–22.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H, Moyen, JF, Guitreau, M, Blichert-Toft, J and Le Pennec, JL (2014) Why Archaean TTG cannot be generated by MORB melting in subduction zones. Lithos 198, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H, Moyen, JF and Rapp, PR (2009) The sanukitoid series: magmatism at the Archaean-Proterozoic transition. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, 15–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H, Smithies, RH, Rapp, R, Moyen, JF and Champion, D (2005) An overview of adakite, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyen, JF (2009) High Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios: the meaning of the “adakitic signature”. Lithos 112, 556–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyen, JF (2011) The composite Archaean grey gneisses: petrological significance, and evidence for a non-unique tectonic setting for Archaean crustal growth. Lithos 123, 21–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyen, JF and Stevens, G (2006) Experimental constraints on TTG petrogenesis: implications for Archean geodynamics. In Archean Geodynamics and Environments (eds Benn, K, Mareschal, JC and Condie, KC), pp. 149–78. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph vol. 164. Washington, DC, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, TJ, Hoffmann, JE and Münker, C (2012) Generation of Eoarchean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite series from thickened mafic arc crust. Geology 40, 375–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, R and Chacko, T (2008) Role of oceanic plateaus in the initiation of subduction and origin of continental crust. Geology 36, 583–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nutman, AP, Wan, YS, Du, LL, Friend, CRL, Dong, CY, Xie, HQ, Wang, W, Sun, H and Liu, D (2011) Multistage late Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the North China Craton, eastern Hebei. Precambrian Research 189, 43–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nutman, AP, Wan, YS and Liu, DY (2009) Integrated field geological and zircon morphology evidence for ca.3.8 Ga rocks at Anshan: comment on “Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic constraints of the early Archean crustal evolution in Anshan of the North China Craton” by Wu et al. [Precambrian Res. 167 (2008) 339–362]. Precambrian Research 172, 357–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacock, SM, Rushmer, T and Thompson, AB (1994) Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121, 227–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petford, N and Atherton, M (1996) Na-rich partial melts from newly underplated basaltic crust: the Cordillera Blanca Batholith, Peru. Journal of Petrology 37, 1491–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, XL and Li, JH (1999) Discovery of Neoarchean unconformity and its implication for continental cratonization of North China Craton. Science in China 29, 1–8.Google Scholar
Rapp, R, Norman, M, Laporte, D, Yaxley, G, Martin, H and Foley, S (2010) Continent formation in the Archean and chemical evolution of the cratonic lithosphere: melt–rock reaction experiments at 3–4 GPa and petrogenesis of Archean Mg-diorites (sanukitoids). Journal of Petrology 51, 1237–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, RP, Shimizu, N and Norman, MD (2003) Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite. Nature 425, 605–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rapp, R, Shimizu, N, Norman, M and Applegate, G (1999) Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa. Chemical Geology 160, 335–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, RP and Watson, EB (1995) Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8–32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 36, 891–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, RP, Watson, EB and Miller, CF (1991) Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Research 51, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollinson, HR (1993) Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers (Pte) Ltd, 352 pp.Google Scholar
Santosh, M (2010) Assembling North China Craton within the Columbia supercontinent: the role of double-sided subduction. Precambrian Research 178, 149–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santosh, M, Liu, SJ, Tsunogae, T and Li, JH (2012) Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature granulites in the North China Craton: implications for tectonic models on extreme crustal metamorphism. Precambrian Research 222, 77–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santosh, M, Sajeev, K and Li, JH (2006) Extreme crustal metamorphism during Colombia supercontinent assembly: evidence from North China Craton. Gondwana Research 10, 256–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santosh, M, Wan, YS, Liu, DY, Dong, CY and Li, JH (2009) Anatomy of zircons from an ultra-hot orogen: suturing the North China Craton within Columbia supercontinent. Journal of Geology 117, 429–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santosh, M, Wilde, SA and Li, JH (2007) Timing of Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the North China Craton: evidence from SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology. Precambrian Research 159, 178–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santosh, M, Zhao, DP and Kusky, TM (2010) Mantle dynamics of the Paleoproterozoic North China Craton: a perspective based on seismic tomography. Journal of Geodynamics 49, 39–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shan, H, Zhai, M and Dey, S (2016) Petrogenesis of two types of Archean TTGs in the North China Craton: a case study of intercalated TTGs in Lushan and non-intercalated TTGs in Hengshan. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 90, 2049–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithies, R (2000) The Archaean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) series is not an analogue of Cenozoic adakite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 182, 115–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Söderlund, U, Patchett, PJ, Vervoort, JD and Isachsen, CE (2004) The 176Lu decay constant determined by Lu–Hf and U–Pb isotope systematics of Precambrian mafic intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 219, 311–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, B, Nutman, AP, Liu, DY and Wu, JS (1996) 3800 to 2500 Ma crustal evolution in Anshan area of Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Precambrian Research 78, 79–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, W and Seck, HA (1997) Partial fusion of basic granulites at 5 to 15 kbar: implications for the origin of TTG magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 127, 30–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trap, P, Faure, M, Lin, W, Bruguier, O and Monie, P (2008) Contrasted tectonic styles for the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: evidence for a 2.1 Ga thermal and tectonic event in the Fuping massif. Journal of Structural Geology 30, 1109–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trap, P, Faure, M, Lin, W, Monie, P, Meffre, S and Melleton, J (2009) The Zanhuang Massif, the second and eastern suture zone of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research 172, 80–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, YS, Liu, DY, Dong, CY, Nutman, A, Wilde, SA, Wang, W, Xie, HQ, Yin, XY and Zhou, HY (2009a) The oldest rocks and zircons in China. Acta Petrologica Sinica 25, 1793–807 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wan, YS, Liu, DY, Dong, CY, Xu, ZY, Wang, ZJ, Wilde, SA, Yang, YH, Liu, ZH and Zhou, HY (2009b) The Precambrian Khondalite Belt in the Daqingshan area, North China Craton: evidence for multiple metamorphic events in the Palaeoproterozoic era. In Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution (eds Reddy, SM, Mazumder, R, Evans, DAD and Collins, AS), pp. 73–97. Journal of the London Geological Society, Special Publication no. 323. Google Scholar
Wan, YS, Song, B, Liu, DY, Wilde, SA, Wu, JS, Shi, YR, Yin, XY and Zhou, HY (2006) SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the North China Craton: evidence for a major Late Palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal event. Precambrian Research 149, 249–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, F, Li, XP, Chu, H and Zhao, GC (2011) Petrology and metamorphism of khondalites from Jining Complex in the North China Craton. International Geology Review 53, 212–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Q, Xu, JF, Jian, P, Bao, ZW, Zhao, ZH, Li, CF, Xiong, XL and Ma, JL (2006) Petrogenesis of adakitic porphyries in an extensional tectonic setting, Dexing, South China: implications for the genesis of porphyry copper mineralization. Journal of Petrology 47, 119–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whalen, JB, Percival, JA, McNicoll, VJ and Longstaffe, FJ (2002) A mainly crustal origin for tonalitic granitoid rocks, Superior Province, Canada: implications for late Archean tectonomagmatic processes. Journal of Petrology 43, 1551–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willbold, M, Hegner, E, Stracke, A and Rocholl, A (2009) Continental geochemical signatures in dacites from Iceland and implications for models of early Archaean crust formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 279, 44–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, JS, Geng, YS, Shen, QH, Wan, YS, Liu, DY and Song, B (1998) Archaean Geology Characteristics and Tectonic Evolution of China-Korea Paleo-Continent. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 212 pp. (in Chinese)Google Scholar
Wu, CH, Li, SX and Gao, JF (1986) Archean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic regions in the North China Craton. In Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of China (ed. Dong, SB), pp. 53–89. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Wu, FY, Zhang, YB, Yang, JH, Xie, LW and Yang, YH (2008) Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic constraints on the Early Archean crustal evolution in Anshan of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 167, 339–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, M, Zhao, G, Sun, M, Yin, C, Li, S and Tam, PY (2012) Petrology and P–T path of the Yishui mafic granulites: implications for tectonothermal evolution of the western Shandong complex in the eastern block of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 222–223, 312–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, XP, Sun, M, Zhao, GC and Luo, Y (2006a) LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from the Jining complex, North China Craton and its tectonic significance. Precambrian Research 144, 199–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, XP, Sun, M, Zhao, GC, Wu, FY, Xu, P, Zhang, J and He, YH (2008) Paleoproterozoic crustal growth in the western block of the North China Craton: evidence from detrital zircon Hf and whole rock Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the khondalites from the Jining complex. American Journal of Science 308, 304–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, XP, Sun, M, Zhao, GC, Wu, FY, Xu, P, Zhang, JH and Luo, Y (2006b) U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Wulashan khondalites: constraints on the evolution of the Ordos Terrane, western block of the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary of Science Letters 241, 581–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, LL, Wu, CM, Zhao, GC, Guo, JH and Ren, LD (2010) Metamorphic P–T paths of the Zanhuang amphibolites and metapelites: constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Orogen. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, 717–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, XL (2006) Trace element evidence for growth of early continental crust by melting of rutile-bearing hydrous eclogite. Geology 34, 945–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, XL, Adam, J and Green, TH (2005) Rutile stability and rutile/melt HFSE partitioning during partial melting of hydrous basalt: implications for TTG genesis. Chemical Geology 218, 339–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, X, Adam, J, Green, TH, Niu, H, Wu, J and Cai, Z (2006) Trace element characteristics of partial melts produced by melting of metabasalts at high pressures: constraints on the formation condition of adakitic melts. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 49, 915–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, X, Keppler, H, Audetat, A, Gudfinnsson, G, Sun, W, Song, M, Xiao, W and Yuan, L (2009) Experimental constraints on rutile saturation during partial melting of metabasalt at the amphibolite to eclogite transition, with applications to TTG genesis. American Mineralogist 94, 1175–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, CQ, Zhao, GC, Guo, JH, Sun, M, Xia, XP, Zhou, XW and Liu, CH (2011) U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons of the Helanshan complex: constraints on the evolution of the Khondalite Belt in the western block of the North China Craton. Lithos 122, 25–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, CQ, Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Xia, XP, Wei, CJ, Zhou, XW and Leung, WH (2009) LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages of the Qianlishan complex: constrains on the evolution of the Khondalite Belt in the western block of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 174, 78–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zegers, T and van Keken, PE (2001) Middle Archean continent formation by crustal delamination. Geology 29, 1083–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, MG (2014) Multi-stage crustal growth and cratonization of the North China Craton. Geoscience Frontiers 5, 457–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, MG, Bian, AG and Zhao, TP (2000) The amalgamation of the supercontinent of North China Craton at the end of Neo-Archaean and its breakup during late Palaeoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic. Science China (Series D) 43, 219–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, M and Santosh, M (2011) The early Precambrian odyssey of the North China Craton: a synoptic overview. Gondwana Research 20, 6–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JS, Dirks, PHGM and Passchier, CM (1994) Extensional collapse and uplift in a polymetamorphic granulite terrain in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic of North China. Precambrian Research 67, 37–57.Google Scholar
Zhao, GC (2009) Metamorphic evolution of major tectonic units in the basement of the North China Craton: key issues and discussion. Acta Petrologica Sinica 25, 1772–92 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, GC and Cawood, PA (2012) Precambrian geology of China. Precambrian Research 222–223, 13–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Cawood, PA, Wilde, SA, Sun, M and Lu, L (2000) Metamorphism of basement rocks in the Central Zone of the North China Craton: implications for Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 103, 55–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC and Guo, JH (2012) Precambrian geology of China: preface. Precambrian Research 222–223, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, G, Li, S, Sun, M and Wilde, SA (2011) Assembly, accretion, and break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent: record in the North China Craton revisited. International Geology Review 53, 1331–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Wilde, SA and Li, SZ (2005) Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited. Precambrian Research 136, 177–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Cawood, PA and Lu, LZ (1998) Thermal evolution of the Archaean basement rocks from the eastern part of the North China Craton and its bearing on tectonic setting. International Geology Review 40, 706–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Cawood, PA and Lu, LZ (1999a) Thermal evolution of two textural types of mafic granulites in the North China Craton: evidence for both mantle plume and collisional tectonics. Geological Magazine 136, 223–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Cawood, PA and Lu, LZ (1999b) Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 310, 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Cawood, PA and Sun, M (2001) Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P–T path constraints and tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 107, 45–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wilde, SA, Guo, JH, Cawood, PA, Sun, M and Li, XP (2010) Single zircon grains record two continental collisional events in the North China craton. Precambrian Research 177, 266–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, G, Wilde, SA, Sun, M, Guo, JH, Kröner, A, Li, SZ Li, XP and Zhang, J (2008) SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Huai’an complex: constraints on late Archean to Paleoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events in the Trans-North China Orogen. American Journal of Science 308, 270–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, YF, Xiao, WJ and Zhao, GC (2013) Introduction to tectonics of China. Gondwana Research 23, 1189–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Shan et al. supplementary material

Shan et al. supplementary material

Download Shan et al. supplementary material(File)
File 3.1 MB