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Asteroid (Echinodermata) skeletal elements from upper Oligocene deposits of Jamaica and Antigua

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2015

DANIEL B. BLAKE ,
STEPHEN K. DONOVAN ,
CHRISTOPHER L. MAH  and
HAROLD L. DIXON
DANIEL B. BLAKE
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Room 152 CAB, 605 E. Springfield, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
STEPHEN K. DONOVAN*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands
CHRISTOPHER L. MAH
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-163 NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
HAROLD L. DIXON
Affiliation:
Deceased, formerly Department of Geography and Geology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
*
‡Author for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The Antillean Cenozoic fossil record of asteroids comprises mainly dissociated ossicles. Most common among isolates from upper Oligocene deposits of Jamaica and Antigua are marginal ossicles of an extinct, indeterminate species of Pycinaster. This is the youngest known occurrence of the genus and the first from beyond Europe. A number of relatively complete fossils have been assigned to Pycinaster and (sub)familial status proposed for it together with Phocidaster. The latter proposition is based solely on a few marginals, but available diagnoses are judged insufficient to justify such recognition. The taxon Pycinasteridae is here synonymized with the Goniasteridae, although future study of added features (such as the ventral surface) might justify recognition at a higher taxonomic level. In addition to ossicles assigned to Pycinaster, many marginals are tentatively assigned to the surviving goniasterid Nymphaster. Numerous generic and many species names have been based on asteroid isolates, but the practice demands assumptions that are not readily justified. Linkage of discrete isolates under a single taxon name assumes derivation from a single source, an inference that can be verified only rarely (if ever), therefore reducing names to the single holotype ossicle. Availability of only isolates encourages comparison with extant taxa and biogeography, biasing interpretations with a Holocene overlay. Because of these constraints, a new nominal species of Pycinaster is not justified and assignment of ossicles to Nymphaster is tentative. However, given the importance of asteroids in marine communities, we emphasize the significance, largely ignored, of their presence in Cenozoic deposits of the wider Caribbean.

Keywords

systematicsPycinasterNymphasterGoniasteridaeAntilles
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 152 , Issue 6 , November 2015 , pp. 1043 - 1056
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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