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Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

J. Gray ,
J. N. Theron  and
A. J. Boucot
J. Gray
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
J. N. Theron
Affiliation:
Geological Survey, P.O. Box 572, Bellville, Republic of South Africa 7530
A. J. Boucot
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Abstract

The first occurrence of Early Paleozoic land plants is reported from South Africa. The plant remains are small, compact tetrahedral spore tetrads. They occur abundantly in the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, Table Mountain Group. Marine? phytoplankton (sphaeromorphs or leiospheres) occur with the spore tetrads in all samples. Rare chitinozoans are found in half the samples. Together with similar spore tetrads from the Paraná Basin (Gray et al. 1985) these are the first well-documented records of Ashgill and/or earlier Llandovery land plants from the Malvinokaffric Realm, and from the African continent south of Libya. These spore tetrads have botanical, evolutionary, and biogeographic significance. Their size in comparison with spore tetrads from stratigraphic sections throughout eastern North America, suggests that an earliest Llandovery age is more probable for the Soom Shale Member, although a latest Ordovician age cannot be discounted. The age of the brachiopods in the overlying Disa Siltstone Member has been in contention for over a decade. Both Ashgillian and Early Llandovery ages have been proposed. The age of the underlying Soom Shale Member based on plant spores and trilobites (earliest Llandovery or latest Ashgillian) suggests that the Disa Siltstone Member is also likely to be of Early Llandovery age, although the distance between the Soom Shale Member spore-bearing locality and rocks to the south yielding abundant invertebrate body fossils at one locality is great enough to permit diachroneity.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 123 , Issue 4 , July 1986 , pp. 445 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

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