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The Underground Structure of Eastern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

R. H. Rastall
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Extract

The foregoing sketch brings out marked resemblances in the geological features of eastern and southern England on the one hand, and the neighbouring parts of the continent on the other. In both areas we find an old plateau of pre-Devonian rocks, against which Devonian and Carboniferous rocks are violently thrust from the south by Armorican and Variscan folds, giving rise to highly complex coal-basins in Belgium, France and Somerset, a type of structure possibly to be encountered in the future in Kent. In Belgium this plateau sinks to the north-east under the Campine coalfield, while in England its north-west margin is complicated by the incidence of posthumous folds of Charnian strike.

In eastern England, east of the Charnwood line, there is evidence for the existence of Professor Kendall's Willoughby axis, with north-west strike; between this and the Charnwood line there are indications of similar parallel buried trend-lines in the folding and faulting of the visible Yorks-Derby-Notts coalfield, and also, as suggested by Professor Fearnsides, in the general shape of this basin.

Further to the north, however, the general line of the Cleveland and Market Weighton axes is not Charnian, being about west 5° north. The Market Weighton axis, which is of Charnian type, with many repeated movements, does not form the boundary of the coalfield; this is in fact constituted by the southern flank of the broad Cleveland uplift, which is of Wealden type; an anticline superposed on an earlier sinking area.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , January 1927 , pp. 10 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1927

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References

page 10 note 1 “On the Tectonics of the Southern Midlands”: Geol. Mag., Vol. LXII, 1925, pp. 193–222.Google Scholar

page 11 note 1 Lamplugh, G. W., Proc. Yorks Geol. Soc., vol. xx, 1923–1924, p. 1,CrossRefGoogle Scholar with bibliography.

page 12 note 1 For a classification of the fold-systems and resulting structures see Stainier, , Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. li, 1916, pp. 101–4 and p. 122.Google Scholar

page 13 note 1 This usage in point of fact has the right of priority.

page 13 note 2 van Waterschoot, W. A. J. M., van der Gracht, , “Proeve eener Tektonische Schetskaart van het Belgisch-Nederlandsch-Westfaalsche Koleoveld en het aangrenzende noordelijke Gebied tot aan de breedte van Amsterdam”: Jaarverslag der Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen over 1913, Amsterdam, 1913.Google Scholar

page 14 note 1 The smallest depths recorded are – 527 feet at Culford, and – 150 feet at Calvert.

page 15 note 1 Staples, Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. lii, 1916–1917, pp. 187–97Google Scholar. The writer does not agree with this author's interpretation of the relations of the Malvern and Woolhope axes to the Gloucester and Somerset Coalfield, but this question cannot he discussed here.

page 16 note 1 The Building of the British Isles, 3rd ed., 1911, fig. 29. pp. 186–7.Google Scholar

page 17 note 1 Handb. d. regionalen Geol., Bd. iii, i, p. 240 (table). vol. LXIV.—NO. I.Google Scholar

page 18 note 1 Rep. Coal Commission, 1905, pt. ix, p. 30.Google Scholar

page 18 note 2 Handb. d. req. Geol., p. 240.Google Scholar

page 18 note 3 “The Concealed Coalfield of Yorks and Notts”: Mem. Geol. Surv., 2nd. ed., 1926, p. 84.Google Scholar

page 19 note 1 Ibid., p. 101.

page 19 note 2 Ibid., p. 115.

page 19 note 3 Proc. Yorks. Geol. Soc., vol. xx, 1925, pp. 215–25.Google Scholar

page 20 note 1 Cox, , Phil. Trans., A., vol. 219, 1919, App., p. 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar with references, and Cox, and Trueman, , Geol. Mag., Vol. LVII, 1920, p. 198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 21 note 1 Fearnsides, W. G., Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. li, 1916, pp. 409–48.Google Scholar

page 22 note 1 H., Stille, “Die kimmerische (vorcretasiche) Phase der saxonischen Faltung des deutschen Bodens”: Geol. Rundschau, vol. iv, 1913, pp. 362–83Google Scholar, with a very good bibliography.

page 24 note 1 The translation of the last sentence is admittedly very free, but it is believed to express the author's meaning to English readers better than a more literal rendering could do.