Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T19:09:44.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reaction textures and metamorphic evolution of sapphirine–spinel-bearing and associated granulites from Diguva Sonaba, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2014

DIVYA PRAKASH ,
DEEPAK ,
PRAVEEN CHANDRA SINGH ,
CHANDRA KANT SINGH ,
SUPARNA TEWARI ,
MAKOTO ARIMA  and
HARTWIG E. FRIMMEL
DIVYA PRAKASH*
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, India
DEEPAK
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, India
PRAVEEN CHANDRA SINGH
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, India
CHANDRA KANT SINGH
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, India
SUPARNA TEWARI
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, India
MAKOTO ARIMA
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
HARTWIG E. FRIMMEL
Affiliation:
Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
*
†Author for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Diguva Sonaba area (Vishakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, South India) represents part of the granulite-facies terrain of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the area predominantly consist of mafic granulite (±garnet), khondalite, leptynite (±garnet, biotite), charnockite, enderbite, calc-granulite, migmatic gneisses and sapphirine–spinel-bearing granulite. The latter rock type occurs as lenticular bodies in khondalite, leptynite and calc-granulite. Textural relations, such as corroded inclusions of biotite within garnet and orthopyroxene, resorbed hornblende within pyroxenes, and coarse-grained laths of sillimanite, presumably pseudomorphs after kyanite, provide evidence of either an earlier episode of upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphism or they represent relics of the prograde path that led to granulite-facies metamorphism. In the sapphirine–spinel-bearing granulite, osumilite was stable in addition to sapphirine, spinel and quartz during the thermal peak of granulite-facies metamorphism but the assemblage was later replaced by Crd–Opx–Qtz–Kfs-symplectite and a variety of reaction coronas during retrograde overprint. Variable amounts of biotite or biotite+quartz symplectite replaced orthopyroxene, cordierite and Opx–Crd–Kfs–Qtz-symplectite at an even later retrograde stage. Peak metamorphic conditions of c. 1000°C and c. 12 kbar were computed by isopleths of XMg in garnet and XAl in orthopyroxene. The sequence of reactions as deduced from the corona and symplectite assemblages, together with petrogenetic grid and pseudosection modelling, records a clockwise P–T evolution. The P–T path is characteristically T-convex suggesting an isothermal decompression path and reflects rapid uplift followed by cooling of a tectonically thickened crust.

Keywords

sapphirine–spinel-bearing granulitecorona and symplectite texturesphase equilibria modellinghigh-pressure – ultrahigh-temperature metamorphismEastern Ghats Mobile BeltIndia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 152 , Issue 2 , March 2015 , pp. 316 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackermand, D., Herd, R. K., Reinhandt, M. & Wndley, B. F. 1987. Sapphirine paragenesis from the Caraiba Complex, Bahia, Brazil. The influence of Fe2+-Fe3+ distribution on the stability of sapphirine in natural assemblages. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 5, 323–39.Google Scholar
Adjerid, Z., Godard, G., Ouzeganes, K. H. & Kienast, J. R. 2013. Multistage progressive evolution of rare osumilite-bearing assemblages preserved in ultrahigh-temperature granulites from In Ouzzal (Hoggar, Algeria). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 31, 505–24.Google Scholar
Aftalion, M., Bowes, D. R., Dash, B. & Fallick, A. E. 2000. Late Pan-African thermal history in Eastern Ghats terrane, India, from U-Pb and K-Ar isotopic study of the Mid-Proterozoic Khariar alkali syenite, Orissa. Geological Survey of India Special Publication 57, 26–33.Google Scholar
Benisek, A., Dachs, E. & Kroll, H. 2010. A ternary feldspar-mixing model based on calorimetric data: development and application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 327–37.Google Scholar
Berg, J. H. & Wheeler, II, E. P. 1976. Osumilite of deep-seated origin in contact aureole of the anorthositic Nain complex, Labrador, Canada. American Mineralogist 61, 29–37.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, S. & Kar, R. 2002. High-temperature dehydration melting and decompressive P-T path in a granulite complex from the Eastern Ghats, India. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143, 175–91.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, S., Kar, R., Teixeira, W. & Basei, M. 2003. High-temperature crustal anatexis in a clockwise P-T-t path: isotopic evidence from a granulite-granitoid suite in the Eastern Ghats belt, India. Journal of the Geological Society, London 160, 39–46.Google Scholar
Bhowmik, S. K., Dasgupta, S., Hoernes, S. & Bhattacharya, P. K. 1995. Extremely high temperature calcareous granulites from the Eastern Ghats, India: evidence for isobaric cooling, fluid buffering, and terminal channelized fluid flow. European Journal of Mineralogy 7, 689–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bose, S. & Das, K. 2007. Sapphirine + quartz assemblage in contrasting textural modes from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India: implications for stability relations in UHT metamorphism and retrograde processes. Gondwana Research 11, 492–503.Google Scholar
Bose, S., Das, K., Dasgupta, S., Miura, H. & Fukuoka, M. 2006. Exsolution textures in orthopyroxene in aluminous granulites as indicators of UHT metamorphism: new evidence from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India . Lithos 92, 506–23.Google Scholar
Bose, S., Dunkley, D. J., Dasgupta, S., Das, K. & Arima, M. 2011. India-Antarctica-Australia-Laurentia connection in the Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic revisited: evidence from new zircon U-Pb and monazite chemical age data from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, 2031–49.Google Scholar
Bose, S., Fukuoka, M., Sengupta, P. & Dasgupta, S. 2000. Evolution of high Mg-Al granulites from Sunkarametta, Eastern Ghats, India: evidence for a lower crustal heating-cooling trajectory. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 18, 223–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, S., Schenk, V., Raith, M. M., Appel, P., Gerdes, A. & Srikantappa, C. 2011. Late-Neoproterozoic clockwise P-T evolution of sapphirine-bearing HP-UHT granulites from the Palni Hills (South India): new constraints from phase diagram modelling and LA-ICP-MS zircon dating combined with in-situ EMP monazite dating. Journal of Petrology 52, 1813–56.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, N. D. & Schreyer, W. 1972. The reaction enstatitess+sillimanite = sapphiriness+quartz in the system MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 . Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 36, 49–62.Google Scholar
Condie, K. C. 2005. Earth as an Evolving Planetary System. Burlington, Vermont: Elsevier, 447 pp.Google Scholar
Connolly, J. A. D. 2005. Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: a tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation. Earth Planetary Science Letters 236, 524–41.Google Scholar
Das, K., Bose, S., Karmakar, S., Dunkley, D. J. & Dasgupta, S. 2011. Multiple tectonometamorphic imprints in the lower crust: first evidence of ca. 950 Ma (zircon U-Pb SHRIMP) compressional reworking of UHT aluminous granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Geological Journal 46, 217–39.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Bose, S. & Das, K. 2013. Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Precambrian Research 227, 247–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Ehl, J., Raith, M. M. & Sengupta, P. 1997. Mid-crustal contact metamorphism around the Chimakurthy mafic-ultramafic complex, Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 129, 182–97.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Raith, M. & Sarkar, S. 2008. New perspective in the study of the Precambrian continental crust of India: an integrated sedimentologic, isotopic, tectonometamorphic and seismological appraisal. Precambrian Research 162, 1–316.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sanyal, S., Sengupta, P. & Fukuoka, M. 1994. Petrology of the granulites from Anakapalle – evidence for Proterozoic decompression in the Eastern Ghats, India. Journal of Petrology 35, 433–59.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S. & Sengupta, P. 2003. Indo-Antarctic correlation: a perspective from the Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt, India. In Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup (eds Yoshida, M., Windley, B. F. & Dasgupta, S.), pp. 131–43. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 206.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, P., Ehl, J., Raith, M. & Bardhan, S. 1995. Reaction textures in a suite of spinel granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India: evidence for polymetamorphism, a partial petrogenetic grid in the system KFMASH and roles of ZnO and Fe2O3 . Journal of Petrology 36, 435–61.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, S., Fukuoka, M. & Chakraborti, S. 1992. Dehydration melting, fluid buffering and decompressional P–T path in a granulite complex from the Eastern Ghats, India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 10, 777–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, P., Guha, D. & Fukuoka, M. 1991. A refined garnet–biotite Fe–Mg exchange geothermometer and its application in amphibolites and granulites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 109, 130–7.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, P., Mondal, A. & Fukuoka, M. 1993. Mineral chemistry and reaction textures in metabasites from the Eastern Ghats belt, India and their implications. Mineralogical Magazine 57, 113–20.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Sengupta, P., Sengupta, P. R., Ehl, J. & Raitth, M. 1999. Petrology of gedrite-bearing rocks in mid-crustal ductile shear zones from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 17, 765–78.Google Scholar
Dharma Rao, C. V. & Chmielowski, R. 2011. New constraints on the metamorphic evolution of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India: based on relict composite inclusions in garnet from ultra high-temperature sapphirine granulites. Geological Journal 46, 240–62.Google Scholar
Dharma Rao, C. V., Santosh, M. & Chmielowski, R. M. 2012. Sapphirine granulites from Panasapattu, Eastern Ghats belt, India: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in a Proterozoic convergent plate margin. Geoscience Frontiers 3, 9–31.Google Scholar
Ellis, D. J. 1980. Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby land, Antarctica. P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet-cordierite equilibria and the evolution of deep crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 74, 201–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonarev, V. I., Rao, A. T. & Konilove, A. N. 1995. Evaluation of pressure-temperature of metamorphism and tectonothermal history of granulites from the Visakhapatnam area in the Eastern Ghats, India. In India and Antarctica During the Precambrian (eds Yoshida, M. & Santosh, M.), pp. 111–24. Memoir of the Geological Society of India no. 34.Google Scholar
Grew, E. S. 1982. Sapphirine, kornerupine and sillimanite+orthopyroxene in the charnockite region of south India. Journal of Petrology 21, 39–68.Google Scholar
Gupta, S., Bhattacharya, A., Raith, M. & Nanda, J. K. 2000. Contrasting pressure–temperature-deformation history across a vestigial craton-mobile belt boundary: the western margin of the Eastern Ghats belt at Deobhog, India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 18, 683–97.Google Scholar
Hensen, B. J. 1986. Theoretical phase relations involving cordierite and garnet revisited: the influence of oxygen fugacity on the stability of sapphirine and spinel in the system Mg-Fe-Al-Si-O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 92, 362–7.Google Scholar
Hensen, B. J. & Green, D. H. 1971. Experimental study of cordierite and garnet in pelitic compositions at high pressures and temperatures I. Composition with excess alumino-silicate. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 35, 331–54.Google Scholar
Holland, T. J. B. & Powell, R. 1996. Thermodynamics of order-disorder in minerals. 2. Symmetric formalism applied to solid solutions. American Mineralogist 81, 1425–37.Google Scholar
Holland, T. J. B. & Powell, R. 1998. An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16, 309–43.Google Scholar
Holland, T. J. B. & Powell, R. 2001. Calculation of phase relations involving haplogranitic melts using an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset. Journal of Petrology 42, 673–83.Google Scholar
Hörmann, P. K., Raith, M., Raase, P., Ackermand, D. & Seifert, F. 1980. The granulite complex of Finnish Lapland: petrology and metamorphic condition in the Ivalojokii-Inarijarvi, area. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland 308, 1–95.Google Scholar
Kamineni, D. C & Rao, A. T. 1988. Sapphirine granulites from the Kakanuru area, Eastern Ghats, India. American Mineralogist 73, 692–700.Google Scholar
Korhonen, F. J., Clark, C., Brown, M., Bhattacharya, S. & Taylor, R. 2013. How long-lived is ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphism? Constraints from zircon and monazite geochronology in the Eastern Ghats orogenic belt, India. Precambrian Research 234, 322–50.Google Scholar
Korhonen, F. J., Saw, A. K., Clark, C., Brown, M. & Bhattacharya, S. 2011. New constraints on UHT metamorphism in the Eastern Ghats Province through the application of phase equilibria modelling and in situ geochronology. Gondwana Research 20, 764–81.Google Scholar
Kretz, R. 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist 68, 277–9.Google Scholar
Kumar, N., Singh, A. P., Gupta, S. B. & Mishra, D. C. 2004. Gravity signature, crustal architecture and collision tectonics of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. Journal of Indian Geophysical Union 8, 97–106.Google Scholar
Lal, R. K. 2003. Metamorphic evolution of granulites from southern Indian Shield. In Milestones in Petrology and Future Perspectives (ed. Mohan, A.), pp. 61–108. Memoir of the Geological Society of India no. 52.Google Scholar
Lal, R. K., Ackermand, D., Raith, M., Raase, P. & Seifert, F. 1984. Sapphirine-bearing assemblages from Kiranur, southern India: a study of chemographic relationships in the Na2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O system. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie – Abhandlungen 150, 121–52.Google Scholar
Lal, R. K., Ackermand, D. & Upadhyay, H. 1987. P-T-X relationships deduced from corona textures in sapphirine-spinel-quartz assemblages from Paderu, southern India. Journal of Petrology 28, 1139–68.Google Scholar
Lonker, S. W. 1981. The P-T-X relations of the cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-quartz equilibria. American Journal of Science 281, 1056–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezger, K. & Cosca, M. A. 1999. The thermal history of the Eastern Ghats Belt (India), as revealed by U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dating of metamorphic and magmatic minerals: implications for the SWEAT correlation. Precambrian Research 94, 251–71.Google Scholar
Mohan, A., Singh, P. K. & Sachan, H. K. 2003. High-density carbonic fluid inclusions in charnockites from Eastern Ghats, India: petrologic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Science 22, 101–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohan, A., Tripathi, P. & Motoyashi, Y. 1997. Reaction history of sapphirine granulites and a decompressional P-T path in a granulite complex from the Eastern Ghats. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Sciences) 106, 115–30.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, D. & Basak, K. 2009. The Eastern Ghats Belt – a polycyclic granulite terrain. Journal of the Geological Society of India 73, 489–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, A. K. & Bhattacharya, A. 1997. Tectonothermal evolution of the gneiss complex at Salur in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt of India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, 719–34.Google Scholar
Nowicki, T. E., Frimmel, H. E. & Waters, D. J. 1995. The occurrence of osumilite in pelitic granulite of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 98, 191–201.Google Scholar
Pal, S. & Bose, S. 1997. Mineral reactions and geothermobarometry in a suite of granulite facies rocks from Paderu, Eastern Ghats granulite belt: a reappraisal of the P-T trajectory. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science (Earth and Planetary Sciences) 106, 77–89.Google Scholar
Paul, D. K., Berman, T. R., Menaughton, N. J., Fletcher, I. R., Potts, P. J., Ramakrishnan, M. & Augustine, P. F. 1990. Archaean Proterozoic evolution of Indian charnockites: isotopic and geochemical evidences from granulites of the Eastern Ghats Belt. Journal of Geology 98, 253–63.Google Scholar
Raith, M., Karmakar, S. & Brown, M. 1997. Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism and multistage decompressional evolution of sapphirine granulites from the Palni Hill Ranges, south India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, 379–99.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, M., Nanda, J. K. & Augustine, P. F. 1998. Geological evolution of the Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. Geological Survey of India Special Publication 44, 1–21.Google Scholar
Rao, A. T., Kamineni, D. C., Arima, M. & Yoshida, M. 1995. Mineral chemistry and metamorphic P-T conditions of a new occurrence of sapphirine granulites near Madhuravada in the Eastern Ghats, India. In India as a Fragment of East Gondwana (eds Yoshida, M., Santosh, M. & Rao, A. T.), pp. 109–21. Gondwana Research Group Memoir 2.Google Scholar
Rickers, K., Mezger, K. & Raith, M. M. 2001. Evolution of the continental crust in the Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Belt, India and new constraints for Rodinia reconstruction: implications from Sm−Nd, Rb−Sr and Pb−Pb isotopes. Precambrian Research 112, 183–212.Google Scholar
Rutter, E. H. 1997. The influence of deformation on the extraction of crustal melts: a consideration of the role of melt-assisted granular flow. In Deformation-Enhanced Fluid Transport in the Earth's Crust and Mantle (ed. Holness, M. B.), pp. 82–110. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Sandiford, M. & Powell, R. 1986. Pyroxene exsolution in granulites from Fyfe Hills, Enderby Land, Antarctica: evidence for 1000°C metamorphic temperatures in Archaean continental crust. American Mineralogist 7 (1), 946–54.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S., Santosh, M., Dasgupta, S. & Fukuoka, M. 2003. Very high density CO2 associated with ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, India. Geology 31, 51–4.Google Scholar
Schreyer, W. & Seifert, F. 1967. Metastability and an osumilite end member in the system K2O-MgO-Al2O3-H2O and its possible bearing on the rarity of natural osumilites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 343–58.Google Scholar
Schreyer, W. & Seifert, F. 1969. Compatibility relations of the aluminum silicates in the systems MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and K2O-MgO-Al2O3-H2O at high pressures. American Journal of Science 267, 371–88.Google Scholar
Sen, S. K., Bhattacharya, S. & Acharya, A. 1995. A multi-stage pressure–temperature record in the Chilka Lake granulites: the epitome of the metamorphic evolution of Eastern Ghats, India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 14, 287–98.Google Scholar
Sengupta, A. P., Dasgupta, S., Bhui, U. K., Ehl, J. & Fukoaka, M. 1996. Magmatic evolution of mafic granulites from Anakapalle, Eastern Ghats, India: implications for tectonic setting of a Precambrian high-grade terrain. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Science 14, 185–98.Google Scholar
Sengupta, P., Dasgupta, S., Bhattacharya, P. K., Fukoka, M., Chakraborti, S. & Bhowmik, S. 1990. Petrotectonic imprints in the sapphirine granulites from Anantagiri, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India. Journal of Petrology 31, 971–96.Google Scholar
Sengupta, A. P., Dasgupta, S., Ehl, J. & Raith, M. M. 1997 a. Thermobaric evolution of a suite of Mg-Al granulites from Paderu: further evidence for a ACW P-T path in the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Beihefte zum European Journal of Mineralogy 9 (1), 331 pp.Google Scholar
Sengupta, P., Dasgupta, S., Raith, M., Bhui, U. K. & Ehl, J. 1999. Ultra-high temperature metamorphism of metapelitic granulites from Kondapalle, Eastern Ghats Belt: implications for the Indo-Antarctic correlation. Journal of Petrology 40, 1065–87.Google Scholar
Sengupta, P., Karmakar, S., Dasgupta, S. & Fukuoka, M. 1991. Petrology of spinel granulites from Araku, Eastern Ghats, India, and a petrotectonic grid for sapphirine-free rocks in the system FMAS. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 451–9.Google Scholar
Sengupta, A. P., Sanyal, S., Dasgupta, S., Fukoaka, M., Ehl, J. & Pal, S. 1997 b. Controls of mineral reactions in high-grade garnet–wollastonite–scapolite bearing calc-silicate rocks: an example from Anakapalle, Eastern Ghats, India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, 551–64.Google Scholar
Shaw, R. K. & Arima, M. 1996. High-temperature metamorphic imprint from calc-granulites of Rayagada, Eastern Ghats, India: implications of isobaric cooling path. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 126,169–80.Google Scholar
Shaw, R. K. & Arima, M. 1998. A corundum-quartz assemblage from the Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt, India: evidence of high P–T metamorphism? Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16, 189–96.Google Scholar
Tajcmanova, L., Connolly, J. A. D. & Cesare, B. 2009. A thermodynamic model for titanium and ferric iron solution in biotite. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27, 153–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, A. B. & England, P. C. 1984. Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional metamorphism II: their inference and interpretation using mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 929–54.Google Scholar
Upadhyay, D., Gerdes, A. & Raith, M. M. 2009. Unraveling sedimentary provenance and tectonothermal history of high to ultra-high temperature metapelites using zircon and monazite chemistry: a case study from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Journal of Geology 117, 665–83.Google Scholar
Upadhyay, D., Raith, M. M., Mezger, K., Bhattacharya, A. & Kinny, P. D. 2006. Mesoproterozoic rifting and Pan-African continental collision in South-Eastern India: evidence from the Khariar alkaline complex. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 151, 434–56.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, A., Tugarinov, A., Zhykov, C., Stapnikova, N., Bibikova, E. & Korre, K. 1964. Geochronology of the Indian Precambrian. Report of the 22nd International Geological Congress, New Delhi, vol. 10, pp. 553–67.Google Scholar
White, R. W. & Powell, R. & Holland, T. J. B. 2001. Calculation of partial melting equilibria in the system Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCKFMASH). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 19, 139–53.Google Scholar
Yoshida, M., Jacobs, J., Santosh, M. & Rajesh, H. M. 2003. Role of Pan-African events in the Circum-East Antarctic Orogen of East Gondwana: a critical overview. In Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup (eds Yoshida, M., Windley, B. E. & Dasgupta, S.), pp. 57–75. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 206.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Prakash Supplementary Material

Tables S1-S10

Download Prakash Supplementary Material(File)
File 1.4 MB