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Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary development of the syntectonic Polis graben, NW Cyprus: evidence from facies analysis, nannofossil biochronology and strontium isotope dating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2018

ELIZABETH M. BALMER ,
ALASTAIR H. F. ROBERTSON ,
ISABELLA RAFFI  and
DICK KROON
ELIZABETH M. BALMER*
Affiliation:
School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
ALASTAIR H. F. ROBERTSON
Affiliation:
School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
ISABELLA RAFFI
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geotecnologie (InGeo), CeRSGeoUniversità degli Studi ‘G. d'Annunzio’ di Chieti-Pescara Campus Universitario, via dei Vestini 31 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy
DICK KROON
Affiliation:
School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
*
†Author for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The recently uplifted and exposed Pliocene and Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the neotectonic Polis graben provides an excellent opportunity to understand extensional basin development in a marine setting. Fieldwork, facies analysis and dating using nannofossils and strontium isotopes reveal how the sedimentary conditions evolved during infill of the Polis graben during Pliocene and Pleistocene time, and allow a composite succession for the depocentre to be determined for the first time. Six lithofacies are recognized in the northern Polis graben, allowing evolving palaeoenvironments to be inferred. By the end of Miocene time (Messinian) a major c. N–S-trending graben was established; extensional faulting continued during the Pliocene–Pleistocene until recent time. Post-Messinian salinity crisis deposition began with deposition of hemipelagic muds (c. 5.08–2.76 Ma), equivalent to the Nicosia Formation. This was followed by upwards incoming of repeated normal-graded bioclastic carbonates (couplets) (c. 2.76–1.6 Ma), which are interpreted as age-equivalents of the Athalassa Formation elsewhere in Cyprus. The upwards sudden facies change is explained by tectonically controlled shallowing which enabled neritic carbonate production on the basin margins. The appearance of basement-derived material (e.g. ophiolitic extrusive detritus) in the highest stratigraphic levels of the basin fill in the north (c. 1.7–1.6 Ma) reflects onset of rapid surface uplift focused on the Troodos ophiolitic massif. Overall, the syntectonic basin infill appears to document a two-stage, pulsed uplift related to early-stage collision of the African and Eurasian plates in the easternmost Mediterranean region.

Keywords

PliocenePleistoceneCyprusPolis grabensediments
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 5 , May 2019 , pp. 889 - 917
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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