Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T01:20:53.879Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Melt-water Hypothesis of Cirque Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

W. V. Lewis
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Bergschrund Hypothesis, when it was enunciated by Willard Johnson (I) at the end of last century, was almost universally welcomed as an explanation of cirque formation. Since that time it has continued to dominate the literature on glacial sculpture. Gilbert (2) and Hobbs (3) in America, Wright (4) in this country, and Penck (5) and de Martonne (6) on the Continent follow his ideas with only very minor modifications. The essentials of this hypothesis were, however, outlined by W. M. Davis (7) contemporaneously with the publication of Johnson's 1899 paper.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 75 , Issue 6 , June 1938 , pp. 249 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1938

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LIST OF REFERENCES

(1) Johnson, W. D. “The Profile of Maturity in Alpine Glacial Erosion,” Journ. Geol., xii, 1904, 573. Also “An Unrecognized Process of Glacial Erosion”, Science, ix, 1899, 106.Google Scholar
(2) Gilbert, G. K., “Systematic Asymmetry of Crest Lines in the High Sierra of California,” Journ. Geol., xii, 1904, 579, 581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(3) Hobbs, W. H., “The Cycle of Mountain Glaciation,” Geogr. Journ., xxxv, 1910, 151.Google Scholar
(4) Wright, W. B., The Quaternary Ice Age, London, 1937, 7.Google Scholar
(5) Penck, A., “Glacial Features of the Alps,” Journ. Geol., xiii, 1905 15, 16, 9.Google Scholar
(6) De Martonne, E., Traité de Géographie Physique, Paris, ii, 1926, 902.Google Scholar
(7) Davis, W. M., “Glacial Erosion in France, Switzerland, and Norway,” Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xxix, 1899–1901, 295, 305.Google Scholar
(8) Lorange, , Lieut. See Paper by Helland below, p. 164.Google Scholar
(9) Helland, A., “On the Ice-Fjords of N. Greenland and on the Formation of Fjords, Lakes, and Cirques in Norway and Greenland,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., xxxiii, 1877, 161.Google Scholar
(10) Harker, A., “Ice-Erosion in the Cuillin Hills, Skye,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., xi, part ii, No. 12, 240, 227, 245.Google Scholar
(11) Priestley, R. E., Physiography (Robertson Bay and Terra Nova Regions). British Antarctic Expedition 1910–1913 Reports. London, 1923, pp. 76, 33.Google Scholar
(12) Bowman, I., The Andes of Southern Peru, London, 1920, 295.Google Scholar
(13) Odell, N. E., “The Glaciers and Morphology of the Franz Josef Fjord Region of N.E. Greenland,” Geogr. Journ., xc, 1937, 248.Google Scholar
(14) Klebelsberg, R., “Glazialgeologische Erfahrungen aus Gletscherstollen,” Zeits. für Gletsch., 1920.Google Scholar
(15) Garwood, E. J., “Features of Alpine Scenery due to Glacial Protection,” Geogr. Journ., xxxvi, 1910, 310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(16) Cox, A. H., “The Geology of the Cader Idris Range,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., lxxxi, 1925, 539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(17) Williams, H., “The Geology of Snowdon,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Ixxxiii, 1927, 353.Google Scholar
(18) Williams, D., “The Geology of the Country between Nant Peris and Nant Ffrancon,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., lxxxvi, 1930, 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(19) Lewis, W. V., “Nivation, River Grading, and Shoreline Development in S.E. Iceland,” Geogr. Journ., lxxxviii, 1936, 433.Google Scholar
(20)Personal communication whilst Rev. W. L. S. Fleming was on the British Grahamland Expedition, 1934–7.Google Scholar
(21) De Martonne, E., Op. cit., ii, p. 878.Google Scholar
(22) Marr, J. E., “The Tarns of Lakeland,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., li, 1895, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(23) Close, M., “On Some Corries and their Rock Basins in Kerry,” Journ. Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland, ii, 1870, 236.Google Scholar