Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:15:43.346Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Magmatic stock emplacement and its constraints on the localization of related skarn orebodies: an example from the Tongguanshan stock, Tongling district, eastern China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2021

Hongsheng Liu Open the ORCID record for Hongsheng Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Liangming Liu ,
Wei Cao ,
Yan Chen  and
Michel Faure
Hongsheng Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
Liangming Liu*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
Wei Cao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
Yan Chen
Affiliation:
Université d’Orléans, ISTO, CNRS/INSU/BRGM, UMR 7327, 45071Orléans, France
Michel Faure
Affiliation:
Université d’Orléans, ISTO, CNRS/INSU/BRGM, UMR 7327, 45071Orléans, France
*
Author for correspondence: Liangming Liu, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Study of constraints of stock emplacement and geometry on associated skarn orebodies is significant for the understanding of the epithermal deposit system. We have chosen the typical Tongguanshan skarn ore deposit (eastern China) as our target area. The Tongguanshan stock was emplaced at the NE–SW-striking Tongguanshan anticline and is characterized by macroscopically homogeneous quartz–monzodiorite. The magnetic parameters show that the stock is dominated by oblate magnetic ellipsoids and a high degree of anisotropy (> 1.1), and this value is higher at the stock margin. The strike of magnetic foliation at the stock margin is parallel to the stock boundary with sub-horizontal magnetic lineations. A vertical NE–SW-striking magnetic foliation, which is parallel to the regional structures, is revealed inside the stock. The three-dimensional geometric modelling shows that the stock has a tongue-like geometry and the contact surface in both eastern and western sides dips to the NW, but the western side is steeper. Nevertheless, the orebodies are almost developed at the eastern side. Accordingly, we propose that the Tongguanshan stock was constructed by multiple magma pulses, initiated at the SW part of the stock, and ascended along inherited NE–SW extended fractures in the Tongguanshan anticline. The successive magma pulses either accreted by a unilateral E-wards trend or by bilateral magma accretion, which resulted in a deformation difference in the contact zone and caused uneven orebody development. Our study also shows that the strike, dip angle and curvature situation of contact surface, which affects the water–rock reaction process and distribution of the dilation zone, are important ore-controlling factors.

Keywords

stock emplacement mechanismanisotropy of magnetic susceptibility3D geometric modellingTongling district
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 11 , November 2021 , pp. 2009 - 2024
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Audétat, A, Günther, D and Heinrich, CA (2000) Causes for large-scale metal zonation around mineralized plutons: fluid inclusion LA-ICP-MS evidence from the Mole Granite, Australia. Economic Geology 95, 1563–81. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.95.8.1563 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, T, Van Achterberg, E, Ryan, CG and Lang, JR (2004) Composition and evolution of ore fluids in a magmatic-hydrothermal skarn deposit. Geology 32, 117–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyce, AJ, Fulignati, P and Sbrana, A (2003) Deep hydrothermal circulation in a granite intrusion beneath Larderello geothermal area (Italy): constraints from mineralogy, fluid inclusions and stable isotopes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 126, 243–62. doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00150-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, W, Liu, L, Liu, H and Lai, F (2020) Investigating the irregular localization of skarn orebodies by computational modeling in the Fenghuangshan Ore Field, Tongling District, Anhui Province, China. Natural Resources Research 29, 2967–88. doi: 10.1007/s11053-020-09655-x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Y, Du, Y-S, Pang, Z-S, Li, S-T, Zhang, J and Zhang, Z-C (2009) Underplating and assimilation-fractional crystallization of Mesozoic intrusions in the Tongling area, Anhui Province, East China: evidence from xenoliths and host plutons. International Geology Review 51, 542–55. doi: 10.1080/00206810902837206 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, YF, Liu, XP and Wu, YC (1991) The Copper–Iron Belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 379 p.Google Scholar
Chen, Y and Nabelek, PI (2017) The influences of incremental pluton growth on magma crystallinity and aureole rheology: numerical modeling of growth of the Papoose Flat pluton, California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 172, 89. doi: 10.1007/s00410-017-1405-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruden, AR (1990) Flow and fabric development during the diapiric rise of magma. Journal of Geology 98, 681–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Saint Blanquat, M, Horsman, E, Habert, G, Morgan, S, Vanderhaeghe, O, Law, R and Tikoff, B (2011) Multiscale magmatic cyclicity, duration of pluton construction, and the paradoxical relationship between tectonism and plutonism in continental arcs. Tectonophysics 500, 20–33. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
del Potro, R, Díez, M, Blundy, J, Camacho, AG and Gottsmann, J (2013) Diapiric ascent of silicic magma beneath the Bolivian Altiplano. Geophysical Research Letters 40, 2044–48. doi: 10.1002/grl.50493 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, J, Wang, Q, Huang, D, Wan, L, Yang, L and Gao, B (2006) Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area. Science in China Series D 49, 397–407. doi: 10.1007/s11430-006-0397-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, J, Wang, Q, Xiao, C, Yang, L, Liu, H, Gong, Q and Zhang, J (2011) Tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic system, Tongling ore cluster region, Anhui Province, China. International Geology Review 53, 449–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilles, JH and Proffett, JM (1995) Metallogenesis of the Yerington batholith, Nevada. In Porphyry Copper Deposits of the American Cordillera (eds Pierce, FW and Bolm, JG), pp. 306–15. Tucson: Arizona Geological Society Digest, vol. 20.Google Scholar
Dines, HG (1956) The Metalliferous Mining Region of South-West England, vol. 2. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Dixon, JM (1975) Finite strain and progressive deformation in models of diapiric structures. Tectonophysics 28, 89–124. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(75)90060-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, YS, Li, ST, Cao, Y, Qin, XL and Lou, Y (2007) UAFC-related origin of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous intrusions in the Tongguanshan ore field, Tongling, Anhui Province: East China. Geoscience 21, 71–77 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Du, YS, Qin, XL and Tian, SH (2004) Mesozoic magmatic to hydrothermal process in the Tongguanshan ore field, Tongling, Anhui province, China: evidence from xenoliths and their hosts. Acta Petrologica Sinica 20, 339–50 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Dunlop, D (1974) Thermal enhancement of magnetic susceptibility. Journal of Geophysics 40, 439–51.Google Scholar
Einaudi, MT, Meinert, LD and Newberry, RJ (1981) Skarn deposits. In Economic Geology: 75th Anniversary Volume (ed. Skinner, BJ), pp. 317–91. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
Eldursi, K, Branquet, Y, Guillou-Frottier, L and Marcoux, E (2009) Numerical investigation of transient hydrothermal processes around intrusions: heat-transfer and fluid-circulation controlled mineralization patterns. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 288, 70–83. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, M, Shu, LS, Wang, B, Charvet, J, Choulet, F and Monie, P (2009) Intracontinental subduction: a possible mechanism for the Early Palaeozoic Orogen of SE China. Terra Nova 21, 360–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Z, Wang, C, Zhang, M and Liang, J (2012) Unusually dumbbell-shaped Guposhan–Huashan twin granite plutons in Nanling Range of south China: Discussion on their incremental emplacement and growth mechanism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 48, 9–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.12.022 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferry, JM and Dipple, G (1992) Models for coupled fluid flow, mineral reaction, and isotopic alteration during contact metamorphism: the Notch Peak aureole, Utah. American Mineralogist 77, 5–6.Google Scholar
Galadí-Enríquez, E, Galindo-Zaldívar, J, Simancas, F and Expósito, I (2003) Diapiric emplacement in the upper crust of a granitic body: the La Bazana granite (SW Spain). Tectonophysics 361, 83–96. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00562-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geological Team of Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (1989) No. 321 1:50 000 geological map and its notations of Tongling area (in Chinese). Hefei: Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Google Scholar
Gerbault, M (2012) Pressure conditions for shear and tensile failure around a circular magma chamber; insight from elasto-plastic modelling. In Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth’s Crust (eds Healy, D, Butler, RWH, Shipton, ZK and Sibson, RH), pp. 111–30. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 367.Google Scholar
Gerdes, ML, Baumgartner, LP and Person, M (1998) Convective fluid flow through heterogeneous country rocks during contact metamorphism. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, 23983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonnermann, HM, Giachetti, T, Fliedner, C, Nguyen, CT, Houghton, BF, Crozier, JA and Carey, RJ (2017) Permeability during magma expansion and compaction. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, 9825–48.Google Scholar
HM, Gonnermann and M, Manga (2009) Magma ascent in the volcanic conduit. In Modeling Volcanic Processes: The Physics and Mathematics of Volcanism (eds Fagents, S, Gregg, TKP and Lopes, RMC), pp. 55–84. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gudmundsson, A (2011) Deflection of dykes into sills at discontinuities and magma-chamber formation. Tectonophysics 500, 50–64. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.10.015 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, BR, Ratschbacher, L and Liou, JG (2004) Subduction, collision, and exhumation in the Qinling-Dabie Orogen. Journal of the Geological Society of London 226, 157–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, B, Xu, YG and Paterson, S (2009) Magmatic diapirism of the Fangshan pluton, southwest of Beijing, China. Journal of Structural Geology 31, 615–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, CA (2005) The physical and chemical evolution of low-salinity magmatic fluids at the porphyry to epithermal transition: a thermodynamic study. Mineralium Deposita 39, 864–89. doi: 10.1007/s00126-004-0461-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, W, Chen, Y, Chen, K, Wei, W, Faure, M and Lin, W (2018) Multiple emplacement and exhumation history of the Late Mesozoic Dayunshan-Mufushan Batholith in southeast China and its tectonic significance: 2. Magnetic fabrics and gravity survey. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123, 711–31. doi: 10.1002/2017jb014598 Google Scholar
Kratinová, Z, Závada, P, Hrouda, F and Schulmann, K (2006) Non-scaled analogue modelling of AMS development during viscous flow: a simulation on diapir-like structures. Tectonophysics 418, 51–61. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.12.013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lei, M, Wu, CL, Gao, QM, Guo, HP, Liu, LG, Guo, XY, Gao, YH, Chen, Q and Qin, HP (2010) Petrogenesis of intermediate-acid intrusive rocks and enclaves in Tongling area and the application of mineral thermobarometry. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 29, 271–88 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, JW, Pei, RF, Zhang, DQ, Mei, YX, Zang, WS, Meng, GX, Zeng, PS, Li, TJ and Di, YJ (2007) Geochemical characteristics of the Yanshannian intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the Tongling mineralization concentration area, Anhui province, and their geological implications. Acta Geoscientica Sinica 28, 11–22 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, JW, Zhao, XF, Zhou, MF, Ma, CQ, Sergio de Souza, Z and Vasconcelos, P (2009) Late Mesozoic magmatism from Daye region, eastern China: U–Pb ages, petrogenesis, and geodynamic implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 157, 383–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y, Li, Q-L and Yang, J-H (2019) Tracing water-rock interaction in carbonate replacement deposits: a SIMS pyrite S-Pb isotope perspective from the Chinese Xinqiao system. Ore Geology Reviews 107, 248–57. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.022 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, H, Chen, Y, Wang, B, Faure, M, Erdmann, S, Martelet, G, Scaillet, B and Huang, F (2020) Role of inherited structure on granite emplacement: an example from the Late Jurassic Shibei pluton in the Wuyishan area (South China) and its tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 779, 228394. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228394 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, H, Martelet, G, Wang, B, Erdmann, S, Chen, Y, Faure, M, Huang, F, Scaillet, B, Le Breton, N, Shu, L and Wang, R (2018a) Incremental Emplacement of the Late Jurassic midcrustal, lopolith-like Qitianling Pluton, South China, revealed by AMS and Bouguer gravity data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123, 9249–68. doi: 10.1029/2018JB015761 Google Scholar
Liu, L, Zhao, Y and Sun, T (2012) 3D computational shape- and cooling process-modeling of magmatic intrusion and its implication for genesis and exploration of intrusion-related ore deposits: an example from the Yueshan intrusion in Anqing, China. Tectonophysics 526–529, 110–23. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L, Zhao, Y and Zhao, C (2010) Coupled geodynamics in the formation of Cu skarn deposits in the Tongling–Anqing district, China: computational modeling and implications for exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 106, 146–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, LM, Sun, T and Zhou, RC (2014) Epigenetic genesis and magmatic intrusion’s control on the Dongguashan stratabound Cu–Au deposit, Tongling, China: evidence from field geology and numerical modeling. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 144, 97–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z-F, Shao, Y-J, Wang, C and Liu, Q-Q (2018b) Genesis of the Dongguashan skarn Cu-(Au) deposit in Tongling, Eastern China: evidence from fluid inclusions and H-O-S-Pb isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews 104, 462–76. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.11.021 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, H-Z, Liu, Y, Wang, C, Xu, Y and Li, H (2003) Mineralization and fluid inclusion study of the Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Bi-Mo-F skarn deposit, Hunan Province, China. Economic Geology 98, 955–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lü, Q, Hou, Z and Zhao, JH (2003) Deep seismic reflection profiling reveals complex crustal structure of Tongling ore district. Science in China 33, 442–49.Google Scholar
Luan, Y, Song, X-Y, Chen, L-M, Zheng, W-Q, Zhang, X-Q, Yu, S-Y, She, YW, Tian, XL and Ran, Q-Y (2014) Key factors controlling the accumulation of the Fe–Ti oxides in the Hongge layered intrusion in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. Ore Geology Reviews 57, 518–38. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.08.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, J, Xie, G, Duan, C, Pirajno, F, Ishiyama, D and Chen, Y (2011) A tectono-genetic model for porphyry–skarn–stratabound Cu–Au–Mo–Fe and magnetite–apatite deposits along the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley, Eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews 43, 294–314. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.07.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matter, JM, Goldberg, DS, Morin, RH and Stute, M (2005) Contact zone permeability at intrusion boundaries: new results from hydraulic testing and geophysical logging in the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA. Hydrogeology Journal 14, 689. doi: 10.1007/s10040-005-0456-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meinert, LD (2005) World skarn deposits. In Economic Geology: 100th Anniversary Volume (eds Hedenquist, JW, Thompson, JFH, Goldfarb, RJ and Richards, JP), pp. 299–336. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
Menand, T (2008) The mechanics and dynamics of sills in layered elastic rocks and their implications for the growth of laccoliths and other igneous complexes. Earth & Planetary Science Letters 267, 93–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menand, T (2011) Physical controls and depth of emplacement of igneous bodies: a review. Tectonophysics 500, 11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.10.016 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, YF, Yang, ZS, Zeng, PS, Xu, WY and Wang, XC (2004) Tentative temporal constraints of ore-forming fluid systems in Tongling Metallogenic Province. Mineral Deposits 23, 271–80 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Nehlig, P (1994) Fracture and permeability analysis in magma-hydrothermal transition zones in the Samail ophiolite (Oman). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 99, 589–601. doi: 10.1029/93jb02569 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Y and Dong, P (1999) The Lower Changjiang (Yangzi/Yangtze River) metallogenic belt, east central China: intrusion- and wall rock-hosted Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 15, 177–242. doi: 10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00022-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, SR, Okaya, D, Memeti, V, Economos, R and Miller, RB (2011) Magma addition and flux calculations of incrementally constructed magma chambers in continental margin arcs: combined field, geochronologic, and thermal modeling studies. Geosphere 7, 1439–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, NJ (1975) Rates of deformation. Journal of the Geological Society 131, 553–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, GE, Webster, ICL and Ettlinger, AD (1995) The distribution of skarns in British Columbia and the chemistry and ages of their related plutonic rocks. Economic Geology 90, 920–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, J P (2003) Tectono-magmatic precursors for porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposit formation. Economic Geology 98, 1515–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rochette, P, Jackson, M and Aubourg, C (1992) Rock magnetism and the interpretation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Reviews of Geophysics 30, 209–26. doi: 10.1029/92RG00733 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scaillet, B, Holtz, F, Pichavant, M and Schmidt, M (1996) Viscosity of Himalayan leucogranites: Implications for mechanisms of granitic magma ascent. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, 27691–99. doi: 10.1029/96jb01631 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, NJ, Brown, DJ, Magee, C and Stevenson, CT (2012) Sill morphology and comparison of brittle and non-brittle emplacement mechanisms. Journal of the Geological Society 169, 127–41. doi: 10.1144/0016-76492011-078 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seedorf, E, Dilles, JH, Proffett, JMJ, Einaudi, MR, Zurcher, L, Stavast, WJA, Johnson, DA and Barton, MD (2005) Porphyry deposits: characteristics and origin of hypogene features. In Economic Geology: 100th Anniversary Volume (eds Hedenquist, JW, Thompson, JFH, Goldfarb, RJ and Richards, JP), pp. 251–98. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
Shu, LS, Faure, M, Yu, JH and Jahn, BM (2011) Geochronological and geochemical features of the Cathaysia block (South China): new evidence for the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 187, 263–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sial, AN, Bettencourt, JS, De Campos, CP and Ferreira, VP (eds) (2011) Granite-Related Ore Deposits. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 350.Google Scholar
Sun, T and Liu, L (2014) Delineating the complexity of Cu–Mo mineralization in a porphyry intrusion by computational and fractal modeling: a case study of the Chehugou deposit in the Chifeng district, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 144, 128–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tahiri, A, Simancas, JF, Azor, A, Galindo-Zaldívar, J, González Lodeiro, F, El Hadi, H, Poyatos, DM and Ruiz-Constán, A (2007) Emplacement of ellipsoid-shaped (diapiric?) granite: Structural and gravimetric analysis of the Oulmès granite (Variscan Meseta, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences 48, 301–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2007.04.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, ZL (2002) Magmatic ore deposits in small rock body in China. Engineering Science 4, 9–12 (in Chinese with English Abstract).Google Scholar
Thompson, JFH, Sillitoe, RH, Baker, T, Lang, JR and Mortensen, JK (1999) Intrusion-related gold deposits associated with tungsten-tin provinces. Mineralium Deposita 34, 323–34. doi: 10.1007/s001260050207 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, SH, Ding, TP, Hou, ZQ, Yang, ZS, Xie, YL, Wang, YB and Wang, XC (2005) REE and stable isotope geochemistry of the Xiaotongguanshan copper deposit, Tongling, Anhui. Geology in China 32, 604–12 (in Chinese with English Abstract).Google Scholar
Tibaldi, A, Rovida, A and Corazzato, C (2007) Late Quaternary kinematics, slip-rate and segmentation of a major Cordillera-parallel transcurrent fault: The Cayambe-Afiladores-Sibundoy system, NW South America. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 664–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2006.11.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallance, J, Cathelineau, M, Boiron, MC, Fourcade, S, Shepherd, TJ and Naden, J (2003) Fluid-rock interactions and the role of late Hercynian aplite intrusion in the genesis of the Castromil gold deposit, northern Portugal. Chemical Geology 194, 201–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J and Li, ZX (2003) History of Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China: implications for Rodinia break-up. Precambrian Research 122, 141–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Q, Wyman, DA, Xu, JF, Zhao, ZH, Jian, P and Zi, F (2007) Partial melting of thickened or delaminated lower crust in the middle of Eastern China: implications for Cu–Au mineralization. Journal of Geology 115, 149–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YB, Zeng, PS, Yang, ZS, Meng, YF and Tian, SH (2004) SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Xiaotongguanshan quartz-dioritic intrusions in the Tongling district and its petrogenetic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 23, 298–304 (in Chinese with English Abstract).Google Scholar
Wei, W, Chen, Y, Faure, M, Martelet, G, Lin, W, Wang, Q, Yan, Q and Hou, Q (2016) An early extensional event of the South China Block during the Late Mesozoic recorded by the emplacement of the Late Jurassic syntectonic Hengshan Composite Granitic Massif (Hunan, SE China). Tectonophysics 672–673, 50–67. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.01.028 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, W, Martelet, G, Le Breton, N, Shi, Y, Faure, M, Chen, Y, Hou, Q, Lin, W and Wang, Q (2014) A multidisciplinary study of the emplacement mechanism of the Qingyang–Jiuhua massif in Southeast China and its tectonic bearings. Part II: amphibole geobarometry and gravity modeling. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 86, 94–105. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.09.021 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C, Dong, S, Robinson, PT, Frost, BR, Gao, Y, Lei, M, Chen, Q and Qin, H (2013) Petrogenesis of high-K, calc-alkaline and shoshonitic intrusive rocks in the Tongling area, Anhui Province (eastern China), and their tectonic implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin 126, 78–102. doi: 10.1130/b30613.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, CL, Gao, QM, Guo, HP, Guo, XY, Liu, LG, Gao, YH, Lei, M, Qin, HP and Chen, QL (2010) Zircon SHRIMP dating of intrusive rocks from the Tongguanshan ore-field in Tongling, Anhui, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 84, 1746–58 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xie, J, Yang, X, Sun, W and Du, J (2012) Early Cretaceous dioritic rocks in the Tongling region, eastern China: Implications for the tectonic settings. Lithos 150, 49–61. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, JC, Yang, XY, Du, JG and Sun, WD (2008) Zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Tongling region: implications for copper-gold mineralization. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24, 1782–800 (in Chinese with English Abstract).Google Scholar
Xiong, X, Zhu, L, Zhang, G, Guo, A, Zheng, J and Jiang, H (2019) Origin of the Xiaohekou skarn copper deposit and related granitoids in the Zha-Shan ore cluster area, South Qinling, China. Ore Geology Reviews 114, 103143. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103143 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, XS, Fun, QC, O’Reilly, SY, Jiang, SY, Griffin, WL, Wang, RC and Qiu, JS (2004) Zircon U-Pb dating of the quartz diorite and its enclaves in Tongguanshan, Anhui Province: discussion on the petrologic genesis: Chinese Science Bulletin 49, 1883–91. doi: 10.1360/04wd0137 Google Scholar
Xu, ZQ, Zeng, LS and Liu, FL (2006) Polyphase subduction and exhumation of the Sulu high-pressure-ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 403, 93–113.Google Scholar
Yang, YC, Du, YS, Li, MS, Li, MX and Cao, QY (2015) Mineralogical characteristic of the Tian’ebaodan in the Tongling area, Anhui quartz diorite province and its geological significance. Journal of Mineral Petrol 35, 51–58 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yuan, XM (2002) A tentative discussion on the copper and gold metallogenic model of the Tongguanshan Orefield. Acta Geoscientia Sinica 23, 541–46 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, D, Liu, W, Wu, G, Li, D, Di, Y, Zang, W and Huang, H (2008) Magnetic fabric and emplacement of the Fenghuangshan Pluton, Tongling, Anhui Province, East-Central China. International Geology Review 50, 994–1007. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.50.11.994 CrossRefGoogle Scholar