The country at the base of and forming the south-western slope of the Urals has been little visited by geologists from Western Europe, and deserves more attention than it has received. Several years' residence in it form my excuse for recording a few notes thereon. The area I have travelled over extends from Samara on the Volga in the W. to Preobrajensky and Bieloretzky in the E., and from Orenburg in the S. to the town of Ufa in the N. The formations met with within these limits are the Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, and Jurassic. The three former are the crystalline rocks of the Urals, the western edge or front range being composed of Carboniferous grits and limestones.