^{page 412 note 1} Wright, A. W.. Amer. Jour. Sc. 1875, ix. 294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 412 note 2} Smith, J. L.. Amer. Jour. Sc. [2], xix. 153.Google Scholar

^{page 413 note 1} It is remarkable how rare these cup-and-ball-shaped joints in basaltic columns are. They occur, as is well known, in the Giant’s Causeway, and at Staffa; though it is by no means common in Scotland or Ireland. It is found in some of the basaltic currents of Central France; see the descriptions and engravings in Abbé Le Coq’g admirable work on that district, vol. v. But in Germany, notwithstanding the number and perfect regularity of many ranges of columnar basalt to be seen there, such joints appear to be wholly absent; since I am informed by my friend, Mr. J. W. Judd, at present on a geological tour in that country, that a single joint of the kind from the Giant’s Causeway in the Museum at Dresden is the only example known among the German geologists he has met with, and is looked upon as an extraordinary phenomenon.

^{page 414 note 1} Geol. Mag. Dec. 1874.

^{page 414 note 2} Bye-the-bye, why will Mr. Mallet persist in calling the bottom of the crater its “fundus”? Fondo is, no doubt, the word in use for it among Italian writers. But our own language possesses more than one synonym for the thing intended, any one of which would better express the idea to English ears. So, too, in the article on columnar basalt, the French word “couche” is always used by Mr. Mallet in lieu of our native synonyms of “layer,” “zone,” or “film,” all equally expressive of his idea. Other writers, likewise, on volcanic subjects, still continue following the bad example set by Dr. Daubeny, in speaking of a “couléo” of lava, when they mean a “stream” or “current,” words equally expressive of a once fluid or flowing mass.