Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:23:58.379Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interactive processing of satellite images for structural and lithological mapping in northeast Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

S. M. Berhe  and
D. A. Rothery
S. M. Berhe
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
D. A. Rothery
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Interactive digital processing of multispectral satellite images (Landsat MSS) using principal components transformations and spatial filtering has clarified the position of continuous sutures linking apparently isolated Pan African (late Proterozoic) ophiolites. These have been field-checked and an arrangement of Pan African suture zones is proposed. Spatial filtering has also highlighted faults with various trends which can be related to the late Precambrian tectonics of the Horn of Africa region.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 123 , Issue 4 , July 1986 , pp. 393 - 403
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, B. H. 1963. Geology of the Baragoi area. Geological Survey of Kenya, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Report no. 53, 74 pp.Google Scholar
Bakor, A. R., Gass, I. G. & Neary, C. R. 1976. Jabal al Wask, northwest Saudi Arabia, an Eocambrian back-arc ophiolit. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 30, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berhe, S. M. 1986. Geologic and geochronologic constraints on the evolution of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden and Afar Depression. Journal of African Earth Sciences 5, (in press).Google Scholar
Brown, G. F. 1970. Eastern margin of the Red Sea and coastal structures in Saudi Arabia Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 267, 75–87.Google Scholar
Chavez, P. S. & Bauer, B. 1982. An automatic optimal kernel-size selection technique for edge enhancement. Remote Sensing of Environment. 12, 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlesley, T. J., Hackman, B. D., Jali, M., Kagasi, J., Key, R. M., Muturi, H., Siambi, W. S. & Wilkinson, A. F. 1984. The Samburu–Marsabit geological mapping and mineral exploration project – a preliminary statement. British Geological Survey Report. 16 (10), 18–19.Google Scholar
Claesson, S., Pallister, J. S. & Tatsumoto, M. 1984. Samarium–neodymium data on two late Proterozoic ophiolites of Saudi Arabia and implications for crustal and mantle evolution. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 85, 244–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, A., Moore, J. M., Davies, J. C., Shifferaw, A., Degeffu, A., Guyassa, A. M., Wolderufael, A., Gelatta, M. & Hintsa, N. 1976. Preliminary report on the geology and geochemistry of parts of Gemu Gofa, Kefa and Illubabor Provinces, Ethiopia, Omo River Project Report no. 2, Ministry of Mines and Power, Ethiopia. 28 pp.Google Scholar
Delfour, J. 1980. Geologic, tectonic and metallogenic evolution of the northern part of the Precambrian Arabian shield (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Bulletin Bureau des Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 11, 1–20, Orleans.Google Scholar
Drury, S. A. 1986. Remote sensing of geological structure in European agricultural terrains. Geological Magazine. 123, 113–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Embleton, J. C. B., Hughes, D. J., Klemenic, P. M., Poole, S & Vail, J. R. 1984. A new approach to the stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Red Sea Hills, Sudan. Bulletin of the Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 6, 101–12.Google Scholar
Friedman, H. 1964. Petrofabric techniques for the determination of principal stress directions in rocks. In State of Stress in the Earth's Crust (ed. Judd, W. R), pp. 451–550. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Garson, M. S. & Shalaby, I. M. 1976. Precambrian–Lower Proterozoic plate tectonics and metallogenesis in the Red Sea region. Special Publication of the Geological Association of Canada. 14, 573–96.Google Scholar
Gass, I. G. 1977. The evolution of the Pan African crystalline basement in NE Africa and Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 134, 129–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gass, I. G. 1981. Pan African (Upper Proterozoic) plate tectonics of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In Precambrian Plate Tectonics (ed. A, Kroner), pp. 387–405. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Goetz, A. F. H. & Rowan, L. C. 1981. Geologic remote sensing. Science. 211, 781–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goetz, A. F. H., Rock, B. N. & Rowan, L. C. 1983. Remote sensing for exploration: An overview. Economic Geology. 78, 573–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, W. R., Anderson, R. E., Fleck, R. J. & Roberts, R. J. 1980. Precambrian geologic history and plate tectonic evolution of the Arabian shield. Bulletin of the Saudi Arabian Directorate General of Mineral Resources 24, 35 pp.Google Scholar
Greenwood, W. R., Hadley, D. G., Anderson, R. E., Fleck, R. L. & Schmidt, D. L. 1976. Late Proterozoic cratonisation in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 280, 517–27.Google Scholar
Grootenboer, J. 1973. The influence of seasonal factors on the recognition of surface lithologies from ERTS imagery of the western Transvaal. Proceedings 3rd ERTS Symposium, 643–55.Google Scholar
Harris, N. B. W., Hawkesworth, C. J. & Ries, A. C. 1984. Crustal evolution in northeast and east Africa from model Nd ages. Nature. 309, 773–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hepworth, J. V. 1979. Does the Mozambique orogenic belt continue into Saudi Arabia? In Evolution and Mineralisation of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, vol 1, pp. 39–52. Pergamon Press. (Institute of Applied Geology, Bulletin 3, 39–52.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, A. 1951. The sequence of Precambrian orogenic belts in south and central Africa. Proceedings 18th International Geological Congress, London 254–69.Google Scholar
Hunt, G. R. 1979. Near-infrared (1.3–2.4 μm) spectra of alteration minerals – potential for use in remote sensing. Geophysics. 44, 1974–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. L. 1968. Structural history of the western front of the Mozambique Belt in northeast Southern Rhodesia. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 79, 513–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazmin, V. 1976. Ophiolites in the Ethiopian basement. Note no. 35, Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water Resources, Ethiopian Institute of Geological Surveys.Google Scholar
Kazmin, V., Shifferaw, A. & Balcha, T. 1978. The Ethiopian basement: stratigraphy and possible manner of evolution. Geologische Rundshau. 67, 531–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazmin, V., Shifferaw, A., Teffera, M., Berhe, S. M. & Chowaka, S. 1979a. Precambrian structure of western Ethiopia. Proceedings 5th Conference on African Geology, Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt, Cairo, vol. 9, pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
Kazmin, V., Berhe, S. M. & Teffera, M. 1979b. Basement structure of western Ethiopia and its bearing on the pre-Upper Proterozoic tectonic plan in East Africa. Sinet (Ethiopian Journal of Sciences) 2, (2), 129–36.Google Scholar
Kemp, J., Pellaton, C. & Calvez, J. Y. 1980. Geochronological investigations and geological history in the Precambrian of northwestern Saudi Arabia. Bureau des Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Open File Report 01–1, 120 pp.Google Scholar
Leith, W. & Alvarez, W. 1985. Structure of the Vakhsh fold-and-thrust belt, Tadjik SSR: Geologic mapping on a Landsat image base. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 96, 875–85.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, J. D. & Hill, M. J. 1956. Wrench fault tectonics. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 67, 1207–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penrose, , 1972, Penrose field conference on ophiolites, Geotimes 17, 24–5.Google Scholar
Price, N. J. 1968. Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-Brittle rock. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 176 pp.Google Scholar
Ries, A. C., Shackleton, R. M., Graham, R. H. & Fitches, W. R. 1983. Pan African structures, ophiolites and melange in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: a traverse at 26° N. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 140, 75–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothery, D. A. 1985. Interactive processing of satellite images for geological interpretation – a case study. Geological Magazine. 122, 57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seigrist, A. W. & Schnetzler, C. C. 1980. Optimum spectral bands for rock discrimination. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 46, 1207–15.Google Scholar
Shackleton, R. M. 1979. Precambrian tectonics of northeast Africa. In Evolution and Mineralisation of the Arabian–Nubian shield, vol 2, pp. 1–6. Pergamon Press. (Institute of Applied Geology Bulletin 3, 1–6.)Google Scholar
Shackleton, R. M., Ries, A. C., Graham, R. M. & Fitches, W. R. 1980. Late Precambrian ophiolitic melanges in the eastern desert of Egypt. Nature. 285, 472–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slater, P. N. 1979. A re-examination of the Landsat MSS. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 42, 1479–85.Google Scholar
Soha, J. M. & Schwartz, A. A. 1978. Multispectral histogram normalisation and contrast enhancement. Proceedings 5th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Victoria, B. C., 86–93.Google Scholar
Spray, J. G. & Burgess, L. A. 1985. Landsat MSS imagery applied to geological investigation of the Norseman area granitoid-greenstone terrain, southeast Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. Geological Magazine. 122, 587–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoesser, D. B. & Camp, V. E. 1985 Pan-African microplate accretion of the Arabian Shield. Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, 817–26.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, M. M. 1974. Principal components colour display of ERTS imagery. Proceedings 3rd ERTS-1 Symposium NASA SP-351, 1877–97.Google Scholar
Vail, J. R. 1976. Outline of the geochronology and tectonic units of the basement complex of northeast Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 350, 127–41.Google Scholar
Vail, J. R. 1983. Pan-African crustal accretion in north-east Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 1, 285–94.Google Scholar
Vearncombe, J. R. 1983. A dismembered ophiolite from the Mozambique Belt, West Pokot, Kenya. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 1, 133–43.Google Scholar
DeWIT, M. J. WIT, M. J. & Chewaka, S. 1981. Plate tectonic evolution of Ethiopia and the origin of its mineral deposits: an overview. In Plate Tectonics and Metallogenesis: Some Guidelines to Ethiopian Mineral Deposits (ed. S, Chewaka and de Wit, M. J), Institute of Geological Surveys Bulletin, no. 2, pp. 115–29.Google Scholar