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III.—Sketch of the Geology of Ice Sound and Bell Sound, Spitzbergen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

A. E. Nordenskiöld
A. E. Nordenskiöld
Affiliation:
Stockholm.
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Extract

Ice and Bell Sounds are two large fiords opening out on the west coast of Spitzbergen, which cut deep into the country, both in an easterly direction towards Stor Fiord, and in a northerly direction towards the south part of Wijde Bay. The shores of the Sounds are for the most part occupied by high mountains, precipitous towards the sea, nearly free from snow during the summer, whose sides, being bare of vegetation, offer the observer an uncommonly favourable opportunity for studying the geological structure of the rocks. Within an excecdingly limited space one meets here with a succession of strata belonging to a great many different geological periods, and rich in fossils, both of the vegetable and animal kingdom.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , January 1876 , pp. 16 - 23
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1876

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References

page 19 note 1 A comparison of the old Dutch maps with the present configuration of the country appears, however, to show that the mer de glace on the north side of Ice Sound formerly filled the whole of that arm of the Sound which is named North Sound, and that thus the ice-covering at this place has considerably receded. It is otherwise difficult to explain how Ice Sound, the next largest fiord on Spitzbergen, is delineated in these maps as very small, the north arm being completely left out, while the southern shore of the sound is drawn, if not correctly, at least recognizably. No similar discrepancy between the old maps and the present form of the fiords occurs in the case of Bell Sound, Likfde Bay, and Wijde Buy. In Stor Fiord (Wybe Jans Water) the ice, on the contrary, is thought to have advanced to the two islands in the bottom of the fiord which in Van Keulen's map are named Walrusaen and Kobben Eyland, and which are believed to be now surrounded by ice.

page 20 note 1 Since the publication of my Sketch of the Geology of Spitzbergen, I have had the good fortune to find fossils in the red schists at Liefde Bay. These strata, which I formerly correlated with the Hecla Hook formation, I have now accordingly referred to a separate division, “the Liefde Bay Strata.”

page 20 note 2 Lindström, G., Analyses of Rocks from Spitzbergen, Öfversigt af Vet.-Akad. Förh. 1867, No. 10.Google Scholar

page 20 note 3 Yet some indistinct and undetermined bivalves and inconsiderable graptolite-like impressions occur at the outer shore of Grey Hook in a black slate, which probably belongs to No. 4 of the Hecla Hook strata.

page 22 note 1 See DrHeer's, Oswald paper “On the Carboniferous Flora of Bear Island (lat 74° 30 N.),” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1872, vol. xxviii. pp. 161–173, pl. iv.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 22 note 2 Voyages on Scandinavie en Laponie au Spitzberg, etc. Atlas Géologique, 19, Paléontologie de la rade de Bellsound.