During a journey through Russian Armenia in 1893 Mr. H. F. B. Lynch ascended Ararat and collected a number of small specimens from that mountain and other parts of the country. These, after his return, he placed in my hands, requesting me to examine them. At that time he intended to include my report in a book then in preparation, which was completed after a second journey (through the Turkish provinces) in 1898. On this occasion he was accompanied by Mr. Felix Oswald, B.Sc., who studied the geology of the country and collected numerous specimens. Mr. Lynch accordingly decided to omit from his work all geological details, and leave these to be dealt with separately by Mr. Oswald. But some time must still elapse, owing to the pressure of official duties, before he will have completed the work, and as they did not, on the second journey, go near Ararat, I have decided, since the mountain has so much historic interest, to publish my notes, though a little has already appeared on this subject. Herr H. Abich, to whose unwearied labours we are so greatly indebted for information about the geology of Asia Minor, ascended Ararat on July 29, 1845, and Dr. F. Becke has described the microscopic structure of three specimens which he brought down. One is from the summit, another from a parasitic cone, Takjaltu, on the south-east slope, and a third from the same slope of Little Ararat. Mr. Lynch's collection, as will be seen, is a much larger one, so that it gives a more complete idea of the materials of the mountain.