Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:33:17.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Breccias.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

S. H. Reynolds
S. H. Reynolds
Affiliation:
University of Bristol.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Breccias in general have been exhaustively discussed by W. H. Norton, and Bonney has fully described a large number of sedimentary origin. But since these papers were written attention has been drawn to certain fresh types of brecciated rock, and perhaps a briefer account than that in Norton's paper and one referring more particularly to British examples may be of service.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , March 1928 , pp. 97 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1928

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Journ. of Geology (Chicago), xxv (1917), pp. 160–94.Google Scholar

2 Q.J.G.S., lviii (1902), pp. 185–203.Google Scholar

1 op. cit., p. 164.

2 op. cit., p. 201.

3 Q.J.G.S., xxxiii (1878), pp. 505–41.Google Scholar

4 Ibid., p. 519.

5 Norton, op. cit., p. 167.

1 Hobson, B., Geol. Mag., n.s., 12 V, III (1906), pp. 310–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also Ussher, W. A. E., Q.J.G.S., xxxii (1876), p. 387,Google Scholar and Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of Torquay,” p. 110.Google Scholar

2 Ramsay, A. C., Q.J.G.S., xi (1855), p. 185CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hull, E., Mem. Geol. Survey, “Triassic and Permian Rocks of the Midland Counties” (1869), p. 17Google Scholar; King, W. Wickham, Q.J.G.S., lv (1899), p. 97CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also , Lapworth, Proc. Geol. Assoc., xv (1897–8), p. 372 and pl. xii (1).Google Scholar

3 Brown, H. T., Q.J.G.S., xlv (1889), p. 1,CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Mem. Geol. Survey, “Leicestershire and S. Derbyshire Coalfield” (1907), p. 56.Google Scholar

4 Richardson, L. and Fleet, W. F., Proc. Geol. Assoc., xxxvii (1926), pp. 283–305 and pls. xii and xiii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Wilson, E., Q.J.G.S., xxxii (1876), p. 533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 Kendall, P. F., Rep. Brit. Assoc., Belfast (1902), p. 604.Google Scholar

7 Harkness, R., Q.J.G.S., xii (1856), pp. 254–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8 E. Hull, Ibid., xxix (1873), p. 402.

9 Geol. Mag., LXI (1924), pp. 301–2.Google Scholar

10 Reynolds, D. P. and Leavitt, P. H., Amer. Journ. Sci., xxiii (1927), pp. 167–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

11 Oldham, R. P., Geology of India, pp. 120 and 133. Other references are given here.Google Scholar

1 Howchin, W., Q.J.G.S., lxiv (1908), pp. 234–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Q.J.G.S., xi (1855), p. 200.Google Scholar

3 Ibid., l (1894), p. 463.

4 See Etheridge, R., Q.J.G.S., xxvi (1870), p. 174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Ibid., p. 182.

6 Strangways, C. Fox, Mem. Geol. Survey, “Leicestershire and S. Derbyshire Coalfields” (1907), p. 65.Google Scholar

7 p. 299.

8 Q.J.G.S., lxix (1913), p. 28.Google Scholar

9 See Bonney, op. cit., p. 194.

10 Q.J.G.S., xxix (1873), pp. 187–95. A section is given (p. 191) showing three bands of breccia interbedded with shale.Google Scholar

11 Ibid., lviii (1902), pp. 290–310.

12 Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, xvi (1916), pp. 75–85. This paper, which is illustrated by four plates, gives references to all earlier British writers and summarizes their opinions. There is also a reference to these breccias in Norton's paper (op. cit., p. 171). He suggests that they may be due to landslides fallen into the sea.Google Scholar

1 Op. cit., pp. 162–3.

2 Op. cit., pp. 179–81.

3 Tiddeman, R. H., Rep. Brit. Ass. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1889, pp. 602–3Google Scholar; also as quoted by , Marr, Q.J.G.S., lv (1899), p. 330; Marr fully describes the Craven breccias (pp. 343–9 and figs. 9–13) and considers them all to be tectonic.Google Scholar

4 A. Vaughan, Ibid., lxxi (1915), p. 12.

5 Tutcher, J. W., Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc., 4th Ser., ii (1908 issued for 1907), pp. 11–13.Google Scholar

6 Sweeting, G. S., Proc. Geol. Ass., xxxvi (1925), p. 416.Google Scholar

7 The term desiccation conglomerate (breccia) was first used by J. E. Hyde in describing the Coal Measure Limestone of Ohio (Amer. Journ. Sci., xxv, 1908, pp. 401–8).Google Scholar See also Walcott, C. D. (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 134 (1896), p. 40); he compares certain thin-bedded brecciated limestones (shown in pl. x) with layers of fine sand and silt hardened by the sun and wind on a tidal fiat, and brecciated by the incoming tide (pl. xv).Google Scholar

1 As for example in the Avon section, Bristol; see Q.J.G.S., lxxvii (1921), pp. 216, 224–6, 228–9.Google Scholar

2 Brecciated limestone of this type is termed calcaire grumeleux by Professor H. de Dorlodot. The term is adopted by Vaughan, , Q.J.G.S., lxxi (1915), p. 26 (note) Similar breeciated limestones occur on a large scale, forming the Grande Br≖che (Upper S 2) of Belgian geologists.Google Scholar See also de Lapparent, J., Ann. Soc. Geol. du Nord, t. xlvii (1922), pp. 110 and 113.Google Scholar

3 Vaughan, A., Q.J.G.S., lix (1903), pp. 396–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4 Geol. Mag., n.s., 12 II, Vol. X (1883), p. 438.Google Scholar

5 An example of such breccias is figured in Q.J.G.S., lxvi (1910), p. 557.Google Scholar

6 An example from Charnwood Lodge Drive, Charnwood Forest, is included in the first issue of British Geological photographs published by the British Association.

7 Mem. Geol. Survey, sheet 21, Scotland (Arran, N., Bute, S., etc.), 1903, pp. 79–83.Google Scholar

8 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Tertiary Igneous Rocks of Skye,” 1904, pp. 15–21.Google Scholar

8 Ibid., “Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Geology of Mull, etc.,” 1924, pp. 199–207.

9 See Gardiner, C. I. and Reynolds, S. H., Q.J.G.S., lxv (1909), pp. 118–24.Google Scholar

10 See Marr, J. E., Proc. Geol. Ass., xvi (1900), p. 469, and J. F. N. GreenGoogle Scholar, Ibid., xxvi (1915), p. 202, and xxx (1919), pp. 160–6; also J. J. Hartley, Ibid., xxxvi (1925), pl. xvi (1).

1 Proc. Geol. Ass., xxx (1919), p. 162.Google Scholar

2 Mr. Green suggests (Ibid., note) that such an infilling is shown by the figure on p. 92, Q.J.G.S., lx (1904).Google Scholar

3 Geol. Mag., n.s., 12 VI, Vol. II (1915), pp. 545–6.Google Scholar

4 Q.J.G.S., lx (1904), p. 163.Google Scholar

5 Ibid., xxxvi (1910), p. 628, and pl. xlviii (2).

6 Q.J.G.S., lvi (1900), p. 23.Google Scholar

7 Ibid., lvii (1901), pp. 479–89.

8 Mem. Geol. Survey, sheet 155 (1900), p. 8,Google Scholar and Brig. Ass. Handbook, Leicester (1907), p. 262.Google Scholar

9 Geol. Mag., LXIII (1926), pp. 241–55.Google Scholar

10 This term is used by Rather, Mem. Geol. Survey, “Small Isles,” p. 69. Sederholm uses the term igneous breccia.Google Scholar

11 A good example is figured by , Teall, Proc. Geol. Ass., xxix (1918), pl. ii (B).Google Scholar

1 , Sollas, Trans. R. Irish Acad., xxx (1894), pp. 478–80, and pl. xxiv, figs. 2, 3, 5.Google Scholar

2 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Tertiary Igneous of Skye,” pls. iii and iv.Google Scholar

3 Op. cit., p. 185.

4 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of the Isle of Man,” pp. 55–70.Google Scholar

5 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of Anglesey,“ i, pp. 65–6 (for further ref s. see index), and pls. vii and xxiii.Google Scholar

6 For a general account of the fault-breccias see , Marr, The Geology of the Lake District (1916), pp. 85–8.Google Scholar

7 Op. cit., p. 546, and pl. xxxii.

1 Garwood, E. J. and Goodyear, E., Q.J.G.S., lxxiv (1918), p. 5.Google Scholar

2 Q.J.G.S., liii (1897), p. 531 (described and figured under “thrust conglomerate”).Google Scholar

2 Note—In addition to the numerous cases alluded to in the text rocks brecciated by movement are shown in several of the plates in the North- West Highland memoir. P1. xxii is of a dyke shattered by movement but with the fragments still in contact. Pl. xxix is of phacoidal structure produced in a gneiss. Compare also Hill, J. B., “On the Crust Conglomerates of Argyllshire,” Q.J.G.S., lvii (1901), pp. 313–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Igneous Rocks of Skye,” pl. vii, for refs. see index.Google Scholar

4 Q.J.G.S., lix (1903), pp. 189–201,Google Scholar and Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of the Small Isles,“ pp. 7–16 and 109–10.Google Scholar

5 Ibid., pp. 61–3.

6 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth,” pp. 214–15.Google Scholar

7 Op. cit., p. 161.

1 Op. cit., p. 191.

2 Toit, A. L. du, Geology of South Africa (1926), p. 106.Google Scholar

3 Dixon, E. E. L., Mem. Geol. Survey, “Pembroke and Tenby,” pp. 158–9, and pl. v.Google Scholar

4 An excellent example is illustrated in the third series of Geological Photographs, published by the British Association Geological Photographs Committee. See also Trechmann, C. T., Q.J.G.S., lxix (1913), pp. 189 and 217,Google Scholar and Proc. Geol. Assoc., xxxvi (1925), p. 142. It is there suggested that possibly certain of these breccias may have had a chemical origin, being produced by “stewing in a superheated or supersaturated solution of sulphates”.Google Scholar

5 Washington Univ. Studies, xiii, Sci. Ser., No. 1, pp. 45–62 (1925).

6 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth,” pp. 80–2.Google Scholar

1 Smith, B., Q.J.G.S., lxxiv (1918), p. 180.Google Scholar

2 Toit, A. L. du, Geology of South Africa (1926), pp. 357–8.Google Scholar

3 Mem. Geol. Survey, “Geology of Swansea,” p. 10,Google Scholar and Dixon, E. E. L. and A., Vaughan, Q.J.G.S., vol. lxvii (1911), pp. 507–11.Google Scholar See also Rep. Brit. Assoc. Oxford (1926), pp. 89–92.Google Scholar

4 Evans, J. W., Proc. Geol. Assoc., xxv (1914), p. 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar