Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T13:02:28.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Regulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila: I. The detection of regulatory loci by gene dosage responses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

John M. Rawls Jr  and
John C. Lucchesi
John M. Rawls Jr
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, U.S.A.
John C. Lucchesi
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, U.S.A.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In order to detect regulatory genetic sites in the autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, the levels of X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-genase and autosomally linked α-glycerophosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases have been monitored in extracts of flies aneuploid for regions of chromosomes II and III. In addition to expected structural gene dosage responses of α-GPDH and IDH, flies hyperploid for several autosome regions were found to display altered levels of one or more of the enzymes studied. While IDH activity was increased in flies hyperploid for segments of both chromosomes II and III, α-GPDH activity was decreased in specific hyperploids for chromosome II regions only. The latter group of segmental aneuploids were normal with respect to levels of chromosome II-linked alcohol dehydrogenase. To test if the observed responses were due to dosage changes of discrete genes lying within the larger effective segments, flies aneuploid for subdivisions of the chromosome segments 21A-25CD, 35A–40, and 70CD–71B were assayed. For two of these large segments so analysed, the apparent effects were attributable to specific small subdivisions, suggesting the presence of discrete regulatory sites within the latter. For the 35A–40 region the α-GPDH effect observed for subdivisions was not sufficient to account for the large α-GPDH decrease seen in flies hyperploid for the large, inclusive region. These observations are discussed with respect to the possible bases of effect of regulatory elements on enzyme activity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , August 1974 , pp. 59 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

References

REFERENCES

Bridges, C. B. (1935). Salivary chromosome maps. Journal of Heredity 26, 60–64.Google Scholar
Carlson, P. S. (1972). Locating genetic loci with aneuploids. Molecular and General Genetics 114, 273–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ciferri, O., Sora, S. & Tiboni, O. (1969). Effect of gene dosage on tryptophan synthetase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 61, 567–576.Google Scholar
Cove, D. J. (1969). Evidence for a near limiting intracellular concentration of a regulator substance. Nature 224, 272–274.Google Scholar
Fox, D. J. (1971). The soluble citric acid cycle enzymes of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Genetics and ontogeny of NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase. Biochemical Genetics 5, 69–80.Google Scholar
Fox, D. J., Conscience-Egli, M. & Albächerli, E. (1972). The soluble citric acid cycle enzymes of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Tissue and intracellular distribution of aconitase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Biochemical Genetics 7, 163–176.Google Scholar
Grell, E. H. (1962). The dose effect of ma-1+ and ry + on xanthine dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Zeitschrift für Vererbungslehre 91, 371–377.Google Scholar
Grell, E. H. (1967). Electrophoretic variants of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 158, 1319–1320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grell, E. H. (1969). Induction of duplications of genes which specify enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 61, s23.Google Scholar
Jacob, F. & Monod, J. (1961). Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 3, 318–356.Google Scholar
Jacobson, K. B., Murphy, J. B. & Hartman, F. C. (1970). Isoenzymes of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase. I. Isolation and interconversion of different forms. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245, 1075–1083.Google Scholar
Lindsley, D. L., Sandler, L., Baker, B. S., Carpenter, A. T. C., Denell, R. E.Hall, J. C., Jacobs, P. A., Miklos, G. L. G., Davis, B. K., Gethmann, R. C., Hardy, R. W., Hessler, A., Miller, S. M., Nozawa, H., Parry, D. M. & Gould-Somero, M. (1972). Segmental aneuploidy and the genetic gross structure of the Drosophila genome. Genetics 71, 157–184.Google Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucchesi, J. C. & Rawls, J. M. (1973). Regulation of gene function: A comparison of enzyme activity levels in relation to gene dosage in diploids and triploids of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochemical Genetics 91, 41–51.Google Scholar
Nielson, G. & Frydenberg, O. (1971). Chromosome localization of the esterase loci Est-1 and Est-2 in barley by means of trisomics. Hereditas 67, 152–154.Google Scholar
O'brien, S. J. & Gethmann, R. C. (1973). Segmental aneuploidy as a probe for structural genes in Drosophila: Mitochondrial membrane enzymes. Genetics 75, 155–167.Google Scholar
O'brien, S. J. & MacIntyre, R. J. (1968). New mutants. Drosophila Information Service 43, 60.Google Scholar
Patterson, J. T., Brown, M. S. & Stone, W. S. (1940). Experimentally produced aneuploidy involving the autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. University of Texas Publication No. 4032, pp. 167–189.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. M. & Lucchesi, J. C. (1974). Regulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila. II. Characterization of enzyme responses in aneuploid flies. Genetical Research 24, 73–80.Google Scholar
Rechsteiner, M. C. (1970). Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase: Distribution and change in activity during development. Journal of Insect Physiology 16, 1179–1192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seecof, R. L., Kaplan, W. D. & Futch, D. G. (1969). Dosage compensation for enzyme activities in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (U.S.A.) 62, 528–535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steele, M. W., Young, W. J. & Childs, B. (1969). Genetic regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochemical Genetics 3, 359–370.Google Scholar
Stewart, B. & Merriam, J. R. (1972). Gene dosage changes and enzyme specific activities in Drosophila. Genetics, 71, s62.Google Scholar
Wyngaarden, J. B. (1970). Genetic control of enzyme activity in higher organisms. Biochemical Genetics 4, 105–125.Google Scholar
Yielding, K. L. (1967). Chromosome redundancy and gene expression: an explanation of trisomy abnormalities. Nature 214, 613–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, W. J., Porter, J. E. & Childs, B. (1964). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila: X-linked electrophoretic variants. Science 143, 140–141.Google Scholar