Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T17:56:22.155Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protein variation and duplicate loci in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

T. F. Cross  and
R. D. Ward
T. F. Cross
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, U.K.
R. D. Ward
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, U.K.

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A natural population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. was screened for genetic variation at 59 protein loci, using a sample of parr, the juvenile freshwater stage. The mean heterozygosity per locus, estimated at 0·033 ± 0·014, is similar to that described in other salmonid species but low for fish species in general. Variation was observed at AAT, IDH, MD–ME, GLO, ADA, and SDH loci. The methods described should prove useful in stock discrimination and in producing salmon for restocking and sea-rearing. The observed extent of gene duplication is discussed in relation to the evolution and systematics of the salmonid fishes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , October 1980 , pp. 147 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

References

REFERENCES

Allendorf, F. W. (1978). Protein polymorphism and the rate of loss of duplicate gene expression. Nature 272, 76–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allendorf, F. W. & Utter, F. M. (1976). Gene duplication in the family Salmonidae. III. Linkage between two duplicated loci coding for aspartate aminotransferase in the cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki). Hereditas 82, 19–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allendorf, F. W. & Utter, F. M. (1979). Population genetics. In Fish physiology, vol. VIII (ed. Randall, D. J., Hoar, J. S. and Brett, R.), pp. 407–454. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Allendorf, F. W., Utter, F. M. & May, B. P. (1975). Gene duplication within the family Salmonidae. II. Detection and determination of the genetic control of duplicate loci through inheritance studies and the examination of populations. In Isozymes, vol. IV Genetics and Evolution (ed. Markert, C. L.), pp. 415–432. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allendorf, F. W., Ryman, N., Stennek, A. & Stahl, G. (1976). Genetic variation in Scandinavian brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): evidence of distinct sympatric populations. Hereditas 83, 73–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allendorf, F. W., Mitchell, N., Ryman, N. & Stahl, G. (1977). Isozyme loci in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): detection and interpretation from population data. Hereditas 86, 179–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avise, J. C. & Kitto, G. B. (1973). Phosphoglucose isomerase gene duplication in the bony fishes: an evolutionary history. Biochemical Genetics 8, 113–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, G. S., Tsuyuki, H. & Wilson, A. C. (1976). The number of genes for lactate dehydrogenase in salmonid fishes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33, 760–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, G. S., Wilson, A. C., Halver, J. E. & Johnson, C. L. (1970). Multiple forms of supernatant malate dehydrogenase in salmonid fishes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245, 5927–5940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Child, A. R., Burnell, A. M. & Wilkins, N. P. (1976). The existence of two races of Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar L.) in the British Isles. Journal of Fish Biology 8, 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, J. W., Franzin, W. G. & Tretiak, D. N. (1973). Genetics of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in white muscle of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30, 187–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, J. W., Tretiak, D. N., Billeck, B. N. & Ihssen, P. (1975). Genetics of multiple supernatant and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In Isozymes, vol. IV. Genetics and Evolution (ed. Markert, C. L.), pp. 433–448. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, T. F. & Payne, R. H. (1977). NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase polymorphism in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of Fish Biology 11, 493–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, T. F., Healy, J. A. & O'Rourke, F. J. (1978). Population discrimination in Atlantic salmon from Irish rivers using biochemical genetic methods. Mimeograph of ICES committee meeting 1978/M:2.Google Scholar
Cross, T. F., Ward, R. D. & Abreu-Grobios, A. (1979). Duplicate loci and allelic variation for mitochondrial malic enzyme in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 62B, 403–406.Google Scholar
Engel, W., Op't Hof, J. & Wolf, U. (1970). Genduplikation durch polyploide Evolution: die Isoenzyme der Sorbitdehydrogenase bei herings- und lachsartigen Fischen (Isospondyli). Humangenetik 9, 157–163.Google Scholar
Engel, W., Schmidtke, J. & Wolf, U. (1971). Genetic variation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Clupeid and Salmonid fish. Experientia 27, 1489–1491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferris, S. D. & Whitt, G. S. (1977). Loss of duplicate gene expression after polyploidisation. Nature 265, 258–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferris, S. D. & Whitt, G. S. (1978). Phylogeny of tetraploid catostomid fishes based on the loss of duplicate gene expression. Systematic Zoology 27, 189–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. M. (1965). Report on recaptures in Greenland waters of Salmon tagged in rivers in America and Europe. International Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. Redbook Part 3, 194.Google Scholar
Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. (1976). Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. Amsterdam, New York and Oxford: North Holland.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, D. A., Edwards, Y. H. & Harris, H. (1976). The distribution of subunit numbers and subunit sizes of enzymes: a study of the products of 100 human gene loci. Annals of Human Genetics 39, 383–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khanna, N. D., Juneja, R. K., Larsson, B. & Gahne, B. (1975 a). Electrophoretic studies on proteins and enzymes in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 185–192.Google Scholar
Khanna, N. D., Juneja, R. K., Larsson, B. & Ghane, B. (1975 b). Electrophoretic studies on esterases in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 193–197.Google Scholar
Kömpf, J., Bissbort, S., Gussmann, S. & Ritter, H. (1975). Polymorphism of red cell glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5). A new genetic marker in man. Humangenetik 27, 141–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, B., Wright, J. E. & Stoneking, M. (1979). Joint segregation of biochemical loci in Salmonidae: results from experiments with Salvelinus and a review of the literature on other species. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 36, 1114–1128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Møller, D. (1970). Transferrin polymorphism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27, 1617–1625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohno, S. (1970). Evolution by Gene Duplication New York: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, R. H. (1974). Transferrin variation in North American populations of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31, 1037–1041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, R. H. & Cross, T. F. (1977). Liver aspartate aminotransferase polymorphism: a new tool for estimating proportions of European and North American salmon at West Greenland. Mimeograph of ICES committee meeting, 1977/M:10.Google Scholar
Payne, R. H., Child, A. R. & Forrest, A. (1971). Geographic variation in the Atlantic salmon. Nature 231, 250–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, J. R. (1975). Protein variation in natural populations of animals. Evolutionary Biology 8, 79–119.Google Scholar
Selander, R. K. (1976). Genic variation in natural populations. In Molecular Evolution (ed. Ayala, F. J.), pp. 21–45. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Shaw, C. R. & Prasad, R. (1970). Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes – a compilation of recipes. Biochemical Genetics 4, 297–320.Google ScholarPubMed
Stoneking, M., May, B. & Wright, J. E. (1979). Genetic variation, inheritance and quaternary structure of malic enzyme in brook trout, (Salvelinus fontinalis). Biochemical Genetics 17, 599–619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Utter, F. M. & Hodgins, H. O. (1972). Biochemical genetic variation at six loci in four stocks of rainbow trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 101, 494–502.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Utter, F. M., Hodgins, H. O. & Allendorf, F. W. (1974). Biochemical genetic studies of fishes: Potentialities and limitations. In Biochemical and Biophysical Perspectives in Marine Biology (ed. Mallins, D. C. and Sargent, J. R.), pp. 213–238. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Utter, F. M., Allendorf, F. W. & May, B. (1979). Genetic basis of creatine kinase isozymes in skeletal muscle of salmonid fishes. Biochemical Genetics 17, 1079–1091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uyeno, T. & Smith, G. R. (1972). Tetraploid origin of the karyotype of catostomid fishes. Science 175, 644–646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R. D. (1977). Relationship between enzyme heterozygosity and quaternary structure. Biochemical Genetics 15, 123–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R. D. & Beardmore, J. A. (1977). Protein variation in the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. Genetical Research 30, 45–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, R. D. & galleguillos, R. A. (1978). Protein variation in the plaice, dab and flounder, and their genetic relationships. In Marine Organisms: Genetics, Ecology and Evolution (ed. Battaglia, B. and Beardmore, J. A.), pp. 71–93. New York and London: Plenum.Google Scholar
Went, A. E. J. (1964). A review of salmon investigations in Ireland up to 1963. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, Series A, I. No. 15.Google Scholar
Wilkins, N. P. (1971). Biochemical and serological studies on Atlantic salmon Salmo solar L. Rapports et Procès-verbaux, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 161, 91–95.Google Scholar
Wilkins, N. P. (1972 a). Biochemical genetics of the Atlantic salmon Salmo solar L. I. A review of recent studies. Journal of Fish Biology 4, 487–504.Google Scholar
Wilkins, N. P. (1972 b). Biochemical genetics of the Atlantic salmon Salmo solar L. II. The significance of recent studies and their application in population identification. Journal of Fish Biology 4, 505–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. E., Heckman, J. R. & Atherton, L. M. (1975). Genetic and developmental analyses of LDH isozymes in trout. In Isozymes, vol. III: Developmental Biology (ed. Markert, C. L.), pp. 375–401. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar