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Evolution of multiple families of non-LTR retrotransposons in phlebotomine sandflies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

David R. Booth ,
Paul D. Ready  and
Deborah F. Smith
David R. Booth
Affiliation:
Molecular Systematics Division, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
Paul D. Ready*
Affiliation:
Molecular Systematics Division, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
Deborah F. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
*Dr P. Ready, Molecular Systematics Division, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD. Phone: 0171 9389356. Fax: 0171 9388937. email: [email protected].
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Summary

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In this paper we report on the diversity and distribution of a set of non-LTR retrotransposon (RTP) reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences isolated from phlebotomine sandflies, and their potential for investigating the evolutionary histories of members of this subfamily of flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). The phlebotomine RT sequence families derived from one species were as different from each other as they were from RT sequences derived from other species. When each was used to probe Southern blots of sandfly genomic DNA they hybridized only to the species of source and, usually, to others of the same subgenus, but not to DNA from other subgenera — a hybridization pattern consistent with vertical evolution. There was considerable intraspecific variation in hybridization pattern, suggesting the RTs were part of non-LTR RTPs that are (or were recently) subject to flux in genomic position and copy number. Most of the RT families detected in phlebotomines are monophyletic with respect to previously described RTs, and all are monophyletic with RTs of the F/Jockey (Drosophila melanogaster) type of RTP. Orthologous sequences were isolated from the closely related species Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. tobbi (subgenus Larroussius), and different populations of P. perniciosus. The level of sequence divergence among these orthologous RTs, the subgeneric distribution of each RT family, and the intraspecific variation in hybridization pattern of many of them, indicate this class of sequence will provide genetic markers at the sub-generic level.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 67 , Issue 3 , June 1996 , pp. 227 - 237
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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