Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T12:38:45.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Développement du sac embryonnaire et aspects de la fécondation chez l'amandier autocompatible Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb cv. "Tuono"

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2002

Ahmed Oukabli ,
Loudivi Dou-Elmakane Wallali ,
Ali Lansari ,
Abdelhadi Abousalim  and
José Egea
Ahmed Oukabli
Affiliation:
Inra, 3 esplanade du Dr. Giguet, Meknès, Maroc
Loudivi Dou-Elmakane Wallali
Affiliation:
Iav Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
Ali Lansari
Affiliation:
Ena, Meknès, Maroc
Abdelhadi Abousalim
Affiliation:
Iav Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
José Egea
Affiliation:
Cebas, Csic, Murcia, Espagne
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. L'optimisation de la fructification chez l'amandier est liée à la réussite de la pollinisation et de la fécondation. La phase reproductive, particulièrement le développement du sac embryonnaire, et les aspects de la fécondation sont importants à connaître compte tenu de l'acquisition récente du caractère d'autocompatibilité chez cette espèce. Matériel et méthodes. Des fleurs de la variété autocompatible "Tuono "ont été pollinisées manuellement et fixées à des intervalles de temps variant de 1 à 20 j après pollinisation, puis coupées à 3 μm d'épaisseur pour une étude histologique. Résultats et discussion. À l'anthèse, le gamétophyte femelle de la variété "Tuono "est au stade quatre tétrades pour 50 % des ovules examinés dans le sac embryonnaire. La fusion des noyaux polaires a été observée 5 j après pollinisation. Deux semaines plus tard, le sac renferme une trame cœnocytique dans laquelle se multiplient les noyaux triploïdes de l'albumen. Le zygote, visible dès la deuxième semaine après pollinisation, est situé au niveau micropylaire. Il s'est développé en un pro-embryon 20 j après pollinisation.

Keywords

MoroccoPrunus dulcisfertilizationpollinationplant reproductive organsembryonic developmentMarocPrunus dulcisfécondationpollinisationorgane reproducteur végétaldéveloppement embryonnaire
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , March 2001 , pp. 93 - 99
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kester D.E., Asay R., Almond, in: Janick J., Moore J.V. (Eds), Advances in fruit breeding, 1975, pp. 387-420.
Pimienta, E., Polito, V.S., Embryo sac development in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.), D.A. Webb), Ann. Bot. 51 (1983) 469-479. CrossRef
Furukawa, Y., Bukovac, M., Embryo sac developement in sour cherry during the pollination period as related to fruit set, HorstScience 24 (6) (1989) 1005-1008.
Eaton, G.W., A study of the megagametophyte in Prunus avium and its relation to fruit setting, Can. J. Plant Sci. 39 (1959) 466-476. CrossRef
Stösser, R., Avrani, V.P., On the senescence of ovules in cherries, Sci. Hortic. 16 (1982) 29-30. CrossRef
Tonutti, P., Ramina, A., Cossio, F., Bargioni, G., Effective pollination period and ovule longevity in Prunus avium. L., Adv. Hortic. Sci. 5 (1991) 157-162.
Burgos, L., Egea, J., Apricot embryo-sac development in relation to fruit set, J. Hortic. Sci. 68 (2) (1993) 203-208. CrossRef
Egea, J., Burgos, L., Year-to-year variation in the developmental stage of the embryo sac at anthesis in flowers of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), J. Hortic. Sci. 69 (1994) 318-322.
Forino, L.M.C., Tagliasecchi, A.M., Avanzi, S., Embryo-sacs frequency in ovules of abscission affected fruits in Malus domestica Borkh., Adv. Hortic. Sci. 1 (1987) 65-67.
Herrero, M., Factors affecting fruit set in ,Agua de Aranjuez' pear, Acta Hortic. 139 (1983) 91-96. CrossRef
Stern, R.A., Eisenstein, D., Voet, H., Gazit, S., Anatomical structure of two day old litchi ovules in relation to fruit set and yield, J. Hortic. Sci. 71 (4) (1996) 661-671. CrossRef
Tomer, E., Gottreich, M., Defective ovules in avocado cultivars, J. Am. Soc. Sci. 101 (5) (1976) 620-623.
Sedgley, M., Light microscope study of pollen tube growth, fertilisation and early embryo and endosperm development in the avocado varieties `Fuerte' and `Hass', Ann. Bot. 44 (1977) 359-363.
Williams R.R., Wilson D., Towards regulated cropping, Eds Long Ashton Res. Sta.Univ. Bristol, Grower Books, London, 1970.
Lloyd Mogensen, H., Fine structure and composition of the egg apparatus before and after fertilization in Quercus gambelii: the functional ovule, Am. J. Bot. 59 (9) (1972) 931-941. CrossRef
Janson, J., Willemse, M.T.M., Pollen tube penetration and fertilization in Lilium longiforum (Liliaceae), Am. J. Bot. 82 (2) (1995) 186-196. CrossRef
Rubio-Cabetas, M.J., Socias, I Company, R., Fertilisation assessment and postzygotic development in several intra- and interspecific Prunus hybrids, Euphytica 90 (1996) 325-330. CrossRef
Herrero, M., Arancha, A., Influence of pistil of pollen tube kinetics in peach (Prunus persica), Am. J. Bot. 76 (10) (1989) 1441-1447. CrossRef
Burgos, L., Egea, J., Dicenta, F., Effective pollination period in apricot (Prunus armenica L.) varieties, Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (1991) 533-539. CrossRef
Socias, I Company, R., Felipé, A.J., Self-compatibility and autogamy in `Guara' almond, J. Hortic. Sci. 37 (3) (1992) 313-317. CrossRef
Gerlach, D., A rapid safranin crystal violet light green staining sequence for paraffin sections of plant materials, Stain Tech. 44 (1969) 210-211.
Bancraft D., Stevens A., Rurner D.R., Theory and practice of histological techniques, 3 $^{{\rm rd}}$ edition, Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh, London Lelbourne and New-York, 1990.
Russell, S.D., Fertilization in Plumbago zeylanica: entry and discharge of the pollen tube in the embryo sac, Can. J. Bot. 60 (1982) 2219-2230. CrossRef
Egea, J., Burgos, L., Supernumerary ovules in flowers of apricot, Acta Hortic. 384 (1995) 373-376. CrossRef
Egea, J., Burgos, L., Fructification problems in continental apricot cultivars growing under Mediterranean climate. Ovule development at anthesis in two climatic areas, J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. 73 (1) (1998) 107-110. CrossRef
Herrero, M., Gascon, M., Prolongation of embryo sac viability in pear (Pyrus communis) following pollination or treatment with gibberellic acid, Ann. Bot. 60 (1987) 287-294. CrossRef
Arbeloa, A., Herrero, M., The significance of the obturateur in the control of pollen tube entry into the ovary in peach (Prunus persica), Ann. Bot. 60 (1987) 681-685. CrossRef
Shuraky, Y.D., Sedgley, M., Pollen tube pathway and stimulation of embryo sac development in Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae), Ann. Bot. 79 (1997) 361-369. CrossRef
Sims, T.L., Genetic regulation of self-autocompatibility, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 12 (1-2) (1993) 129-167.
Eaton, G.W., Jamont, A.M., Embryo sac development in the apricot, Prunus armeniaca L. cv. `Constant', Proc. Am. Soc.Hortic. Sci. 86 (1965) 95-101.
Krebs, S.L., Hancock, J.F., Early-acting inbreeding depression and reproductive success in the highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., Theor. Appl. Genet. 79 (1990) 825-832. CrossRef