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Développement du sac embryonnaire et aspects de la fécondation chez l'amandier autocompatible Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb cv. "Tuono"

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2002

Ahmed Oukabli ,
Loudivi Dou-Elmakane Wallali ,
Ali Lansari ,
Abdelhadi Abousalim  and
José Egea
Ahmed Oukabli
Affiliation:
Inra, 3 esplanade du Dr. Giguet, Meknès, Maroc
Loudivi Dou-Elmakane Wallali
Affiliation:
Iav Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
Ali Lansari
Affiliation:
Ena, Meknès, Maroc
Abdelhadi Abousalim
Affiliation:
Iav Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
José Egea
Affiliation:
Cebas, Csic, Murcia, Espagne
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Abstract

Introduction. L'optimisation de la fructification chez l'amandier est liée à la réussite de la pollinisation et de la fécondation. La phase reproductive, particulièrement le développement du sac embryonnaire, et les aspects de la fécondation sont importants à connaître compte tenu de l'acquisition récente du caractère d'autocompatibilité chez cette espèce. Matériel et méthodes. Des fleurs de la variété autocompatible "Tuono "ont été pollinisées manuellement et fixées à des intervalles de temps variant de 1 à 20 j après pollinisation, puis coupées à 3 μm d'épaisseur pour une étude histologique. Résultats et discussion. À l'anthèse, le gamétophyte femelle de la variété "Tuono "est au stade quatre tétrades pour 50 % des ovules examinés dans le sac embryonnaire. La fusion des noyaux polaires a été observée 5 j après pollinisation. Deux semaines plus tard, le sac renferme une trame cœnocytique dans laquelle se multiplient les noyaux triploïdes de l'albumen. Le zygote, visible dès la deuxième semaine après pollinisation, est situé au niveau micropylaire. Il s'est développé en un pro-embryon 20 j après pollinisation.

Keywords

MoroccoPrunus dulcisfertilizationpollinationplant reproductive organsembryonic developmentMarocPrunus dulcisfécondationpollinisationorgane reproducteur végétaldéveloppement embryonnaire
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , March 2001 , pp. 93 - 99
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences

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