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Postharvest treatments of wild pepper (Piper spp.) in Madagascar

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2014

Mathieu Weil ,
Frédéric Descroix ,
Alain Shum Cheong Sing ,
Renaud Boulanger ,
Mathilde Hoarau ,
Annaïg Levesque  and
Philippe Bohuon
Mathieu Weil*
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, 3 rue Serge Ycard, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France,. [email protected]
Frédéric Descroix
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, 3 rue Serge Ycard, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France,. [email protected]
Alain Shum Cheong Sing
Affiliation:
Univ. La Réunion, Fac. Sci. Technol., Lab. Chimie Subst. Nat. Sci. Aliment (LCSNSA), 15, avenue René Cassin, Moufia, Réunion, France
Renaud Boulanger
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, TA B-95/16, 73 rue J.F. Breton, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
Mathilde Hoarau
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, 3 rue Serge Ycard, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France,. [email protected]
Annaïg Levesque
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, 3 rue Serge Ycard, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France,. [email protected]
Philippe Bohuon
Affiliation:
Montpellier SupAgro, UMR QualiSud, Food Process Eng. Res. Unit, 1101 av. Agropolis, B.P. 5098, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
*
* Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. A study on postharvest treatments of wild peppers was carried out in Madagascar with the aim of describing the local practices and measuring their impacts on the quality of the products. Materials and methods. Four distinct pepper production systems (PPS) were observed, described and compared in two separate areas in East Madagascar. Major quality characteristics (piperine and essential oil) of the peppercorns were assessed in samples collected in the four systems. Results and discussion. Two main postharvest processes (dry and wet) were identified. The wet process differed from the dry one in that it involved two specific operations, blanching and sweating. The processes influenced the color of the pepper. Piperine contents were not affected by any of the pepper production systems, whereas essential oil contents were reduced by up to 27% by the wet process. After processing, piperine contents were up to eight times lower, whereas essential oil contents were up to six times higher than the specifications of the standard ISO 959-1 for black pepper ready for commercialization. Conclusion. Two main processes (dry and wet) for treatment of peppercorns in Madagascar were identified and described. The dry process, with two steps less, appeared to be easier to implement and more respectful to the product. Improving maturity control and processing according to the quality expected by the markets will be necessary to promote Malagasy peppers.

Keywords

MadagascarPiperpepperprocessingessential oilscolorMadagascarPiperpoivretraitementhuile essentiellecouleurMadagascarPiperpimientaprocesamientoaceites esencialescolor
Type
Technical paper
Information
Fruits , Volume 69 , Issue 5 , September 2014 , pp. 371 - 380
Copyright
© 2014 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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