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⁴ Midland Bank Archive, London (hereafter MBA), letter from E. H. Holden to branch managers, 1 Sept. 1916. LBA, Circular 221, Dec. 1917, announcing the establishment of the review for circulation amongst overseas correspondent banks; Circular 232, Nov. 1918, announcing the extension of circulation to British readers.

⁵ The London City & Midland Bank Limited Monthly Review (09 1916), p. 1.Google Scholar

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⁸ Sperling & Co. was formed as a firm of stockbrokers in 1878, moving into issuing work in the 1890s. It was wound up in November 1945. See Diaper, S., ‘The Sperling combine and the shipbuilding industry: merchant banking and industrial finance in the 1920s’, in Van Helten, J. J. and Cassis, Y. (eds), Capitalism in a Mature Economy (Aldershot, 1990).Google Scholar

⁹ Foxwell, H. S., ‘The financing of trade and industry’, Economic Journal, 27 (1917).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁰ Sperling's Journal (12 1917), p. 1.Google Scholar Andrae wrote this and other articles under the nom de plume ‘Acceptor’.

¹¹ Kynaston, D., Cazenove & Co.: A History (London, 1991), p. 104Google Scholar. Cull & Co. was absorbed by Morgan, Grenfell in 1943Google Scholar: see Burk, K., Morgan Grenfell 1838–1988 (Oxford, 1989), p. 169.Google Scholar

¹² Cull & Co.'s Financial Review (05 1922).Google Scholar

¹³ Cull & Co.'s Financial Review (11 1926).Google Scholar

¹⁴ According to Truptil, the nickname was borrowed from the Versailles Peace Conference, at which the leaders of the victorious powers were colloquially referred to by the press as the ‘Big Five’: Truptil, R. J., British Banks and the London Money Market (London, 1936), p. 64.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Sayers, R. S., The Bank of England 1891–1944 (Cambridge, 1976), vol. II, p. 553.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Holmes, A. R. and Edwin, Green, Midland: 150 Years of Banking Business (London, 1986), pp. 155–7Google Scholar; Tuke, A. W. and Gillman, R. J. H., Barclays Bank Limited 1926–1969: Some Recollections (London, 1972), p. 114.Google Scholar McKenna's use of the AGM as a public platform followed the practice pioneered in the Edwardian era by Sir Felix Schuster, chairman of the Union Bank.

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²³ The circular announcing the establishment of an Intelligence Department by Barclays Bank in November 1918 observed that ‘many such departments are now in operation in leading banks both at home and abroad’: Barclays Records Services – Group Archives (hereafte BRS-GA), Head Office Circular no. 502, 15 Nov. 1918.

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³¹ Parsons, W., The Power of the Financial Press: Journalism and Economic Opinion in Britain and America (Princeton, NJ, 1990), p. 51.Google Scholar

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³³ LBA, J. R. Winton Research File, Lloyds Bank Review, notes on conversation with Lord Lionel Robbins about Alwyn Parker; Robbins, L., Autobiography of an Economist (London, 1971), p. 234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁴⁰ LBA, letter from Rodgers, J., Commercial Relations Officer, Ministry of Information, to Lord Wardington, chairman of Lloyds Bank, 15 03 1940.Google Scholar

⁴¹ LBA, Minutes of Committee of London Clearing Bankers, 4 04 1940Google Scholar; Lipscombe, , ‘Lloyds Bank Review’, p. 36.Google Scholar

⁴² The title referred to the Royal Bank of Scotland and its wholly owned subsidiaries Williams Deacon's Bank and Glyn, Mills & Co. ‘The Three Banks Group’, Three Banks Review (03 1949), P. 5.Google Scholar

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⁴⁴ ‘To Resume…’, Midland Bank Revieiv (05 1946), p. 1.Google Scholar

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⁵⁶ The phrase is discussed in Barraclough, G., ‘The Keynesian era in perspective’, in Skidelsky, R. (ed.), The End of the Keynesian Era (London, 1977), pp. 104–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁵⁸ NWBA, Archive Ref. 9094, District Bank Records, District/11/Economics Department, Principal's Minute Book, 27 10 1965Google Scholar; Archive Ref. 7573, memo for the Board – 10 09 1968, ‘District Bank Review. Economics Department’Google Scholar: ‘Our first Jubilee’, Midland Bank Review (08 1966).Google Scholar

⁵⁹ NWBA, Archive Ref. 9094, District Bank Records, District/11/Economics Department, Principal's Minute Book, 29 02 1968.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Edwards, R. D., The Pursuit of Reason: The Economist 1843–1993 (London, 1993), pp. 874, 951Google Scholar; Kynaston, D., The Financial Times: A Centenary History (London, 1988) p. 524.Google Scholar The success of these publications led to the closure of the Statist in 1967, which at the time had a circulation of 20,000–30,000 per week.

⁶¹ Holt, C. C. and Schrank, W. E., ‘Growth of the professional literature in economics and other fields, and some implications’, American Documentation, 19 (1968)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also Coats, A. W., ‘The role of scholarly journals in the history of economics: an essay’, Journal of Economic Literature, 9 (1971).Google Scholar

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⁶⁴ Cairncross, A. K., ‘Academics and policy makers’, in Cairncross, F. (ed.), Changing Perceptions of Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of the 70th Birthday of Sir Alec Cairncross (London, 1981), p. 20.Google Scholar

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⁶⁶ Lloyds Bank Review (10 1987), pp. 1–2.Google Scholar

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⁷⁰ Sanderson, M., The Universities and British Industry 1850–1970 (London, 1972), p. 271.Google Scholar

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⁷³ ibid.

⁷⁴ Cairncross, , ‘Academics and policy makers’, p. 18.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ ibid., p. 11.

⁷⁶ For instance, the AMEX Bank Review; Schroder Economics Weekly Review; Barings' Review of Sterling Debt Markets.

⁷⁷ The 1992 competition attracted 301 entries from 65 countries: The AMEX Bank Review, 19 (11 1992), p. 1.Google Scholar The eight award-winning essays are published each year in book form by Oxford University Press.