Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T06:27:19.184Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vibroacoustic stimulation as a test for fetal health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2008

Robert Gagnon  and
John Patrick
Robert Gagnon*
Affiliation:
Lawson Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada
John Patrick
Affiliation:
Lawson Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada
*
Dr Robert Gagnon, Lawson Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 4V2.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The behavioural response of the neonate to stimuli is an essential part of neurological examination in the newborn infant in order to measure the integrity and function of the central nervous system. Different sensory channels, such as auditory, vibrotactile or olfactory, have been used to elicit a response. With use of real-time ultrasound, Nijhuis et al. observed that human fetuses of 36 weeks gestation had developed behavioural states (1F–4F) that were, in their organization, fully comparable to the states originally described by Prechtl et al. in neonates. Three variables are used to identify human fetal behavioural states: fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern (A-D), fetal eye movements and fetal body movements.

Type
Articles
Information
Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , July 1990 , pp. 159 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hutt, SJ, Lenard, HG, Prechtl, HFR. Psychophysiological studies in newborn infants. Adv Child Dev 1969; 4: 127–50.Google Scholar
Lenard, HG, Bermuth, L, Prechtl, HFR. Reflexes and their relationship to behavioural state in the newborn. Acta Paediatr Scand 1968; 3: 177–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijhuis, JG, Prechtl, HFR, Martin, CB Jr. Are there behavioral states in the human fetus? Early Hum Dev 1985; 11: 179.Google Scholar
Prechtl, HFR. The behavioral states of the newborn infant (a review). Brain Res 1974; 76: 185–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, R, Patrick, J. The nonstress test: how long is enough? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 141: 646–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polishuk, WZ, Laufer, N, Sadovsky, E. Fetal responses to external light stimulus. Harefuah 1975; 89: 395–97.Google Scholar
Richardson, B, Campbell, K, Carmichael, L, Patrick, J. Effects of external physical stimulation on fetuses near term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 39: 344–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druzin, ML, Gratacos, J, Paul, RH et al. Antepartum fetal heart rate testing XII. The effect of manual manipulation of the fetus on the nonstress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 61–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bocking, AD, Adamson, L, Cousin, A et al. Effects of intravenous glucose injection on human fetal breathing movements and gross fetal body movements at 38 to 40 weeks' gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142: 606–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altmann, E. Normal development of the ear and its mechanics. Arch Otolaryngol 1950; 52: 725–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ormerod, FC. The pathology of congenital deafness in the child. In: Ewing, A ed, The modern educational treatment of deafness. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1960: 811.Google Scholar
Bradley, RM, Mistretta, CM. Fetal sensory receptors. Physiol Rev 1975; 55: 352–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, DW, Grimwade, JC, Wood, C. Intrauterine noise: a component of the fetal environment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109: 91–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vince, MA, Armitage, SE. Sound stimulation available to the sheep foetus. Reprod Nutr Dev 1980; 20: 801–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vince, MA, Billing, AE, Baldwin, BA et al. Maternal vocalizations and other sounds in the fetal lamb's sound environment. Early Hum Dev 1985; 11: 179–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerhardt, KJ. Characteristics of the fetal sheep sound environment. Sem Perinatol 1989; 13: 362–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Johansson, B, Wedenberg, E, Westin, B. Measurement of tone response by the human fetus. A preliminary report. Acta Otolaryngol 1964; 57: 188–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwornicka, B, Jasienska, A, Smolarz, W et al. Attempt of determining the fetal reaction to acoustic stimulation. Acta Otolaryngol 1964; 57: 571–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davey, DA, Dommisse, J, Macnab, M et al. The value of an auditory stimulatory test in antenatal fetal cardiotocograph. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1984; 18: 273–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagnon, R, Patrick, J, Foreman, J et al. Stimulation of human fetuses with sound and vibration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 848–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grimwade, JG, Walker, DW, Bartlett, M et al. Human fetal heart rate change and movement in response to sound and vibration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109: 86–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, OH. Fetal heart rate response to controlled sound stimuli during the third trimester of normal pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1984; 63: 193–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luz, NP, Lima, CP, Luz, SH et al. Auditory evoked responses of the human fetus. I. Behaviour during progress of labour. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1980; 59: 395–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Querleu, D, Boutteville, C, Renard, X. Evaluation diagnostique de la souffrance foetale pendant la grossesse au moyen d'un test de stimulation sonore. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1984; 13: 789–96.Google Scholar
Read, JA, Miller, FC. Fetal heart rate acceleration in response to acoustic stimulation as a measure of fetal well-being. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 129: 512–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelman, SR, Wood, S, Spellacy, WN et al. Fetal movements in response to sound stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 143: 484–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, W, Boos, R, Gnirs, J et al. Fetal behavioral states and controlled sound stimulation. Early Hum Dev 1985; 12: 145–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leader, LR, Baillie, P, Martin, B et al. The assessment and significance of habituation to a repeated stimulus by the human fetus. Early Hum Dev 1982; 7: 211–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Serafini, P, Lindsay, MBJ, Nagey, DA et al. Antepartum fetal heart rate response to sound stimulation: the acoustic stimulation test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148: 41–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trudinger, BJ, Boylan, P. Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring: value of sound stimulation. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 55: 265–68.Google ScholarPubMed
Gerhardt, KJ, Abrams, RM, Kovaz, BM et al. Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the abdomen. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 228–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, MC, Capute, AJ. Assessment of early auditory and visual abilities of extremely premature infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1986; 28: 458–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, JR Jr, Plessinger, MA, Mack, CE. Fetal auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR). Pediatr Res 1984; 18: 83–85.Google ScholarPubMed
Plessinger, MA, Woods, JR Jr. Fetal auditory brainstem response: effect of increasing stimulus rate during functional auditory development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 1382–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abrams, RM, Ito, M, Frisinger, JE et al. Local cerebral glucose utilization in fetal and neonatal sheep. Am J Physiol 1984; 246: R608–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Abrams, RM, Hutchison, AA, Gerhardt, FJ et al. Local cerebral glucose utilization in fetal sheep exposed to noise. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 456–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abrams, RM, Hutchison, AA, McTiernan, MJ et al. Effects of cochlear ablation on local cerebral glucose utilization in fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 1438–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawes, GS, Fox, HE, Leduc, BM et al. Respiratory movements and rapid eye movement sleep in the foetal lamb. J Physiol (Lond) 1972; 220: 119–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalton, KJ, Dawes, GS, Patrick, JE. Diurnal, respiratory and other rhythms of fetal heart rate in lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 127: 414–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, BS, Patrick, JE, Abduljabbar, H. Cerebral oxidative metabolism in the fetal lamb. Relationship to electrocortical state. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 426–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fletcher, DJ et al. Stimulation of the sheep fetus in utero by sound. J Physiol 1988; 409: 42P.Google Scholar
Parker, MJ et al. Effects of cochlear ablation on the responses of the sheep fetus to sound stimulation. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Fetal Physiology. Reading: Society for the Study of Fetal Physiology, 1989.Google Scholar
Dawes, GS, Redman, CWG, Smith, JH. Improvements in the registration and analysis of fetal heart rate records at the bedside. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 317–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Carmichael, L et al. External vibratory acoustic stimulation near term: fetal heart rate and heart rate variability responses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 323–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Carmichael, L et al. Fetal heart rate and fetal activity patterns after vibratory acoustic stimulation at thirty to thirty-two weeks' gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 75–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Carmichael, L et al. Human fetal responses to vibratory acoustic stimulation from twenty-six weeks to term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 1375–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Patrick, J. Fetal responses to vibratory acoustic stimulation: influence of basal heart rate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 835–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visser, GHA, Mulder, HH, Wit, HP et al. Vibro-acoustic stimulation of the human fetus: effect of behavioural state organization. Early Hum Dev 1989; 19: 285–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Fellows, F et al. Fetal heart rate and activity patterns in growth-retarded fetuses: changes after vibratory acoustic stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 265–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Carmichael, L, Patrick, J. Vibratory acoustic stimulation in 26- to 32-week, small-for-gestational-age fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 160–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Morrow, R, Ritchie, K et al. Umbilical and uterine arterial blood flow velocities following vibratory acoustic stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 574–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagnon, R, Foreman, J, Hunse, C, Patrick, J. Effects of low-frequency vibration on human term fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1479–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagnon, R, Hunse, C, Foreman, J. Human fetal behavioral states after vibratory stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1470–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, CV, Phelan, JP, Platt, LD et al. Fetal acoustic stimulation testing. II. A randomized clinical comparison with the nonstress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 131–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, CV, Phelan, JP, Nguyen, et al. Continuing experience with the fetal acoustic stimulation test. J Reprod Med 1988; 33: 365–68.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuhlman, KA, Depp, R. Acoustic stimulation testing. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1988; 15: 303–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Richards, DS, Cefalo, RC, Thorpe, JM et al. Determinants of fetal heart rate response to vibroacoustic stimulation in labor. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71: 535–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Ingemarsson, I, Arulkumaran, S, Paul, RH et al. Fetal acoustic stimulation in early labor in patients screened with the admission test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 70–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edersheim, TG, Hutson, JM, Druzin, ML et al. Fetal heart rate response to vibratory acoustic stimulation predicts fetal pH in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 1557–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polzin, GB, Blakemore, KJ, Petrie, RG et al. Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation: magnitude and duration of fetal heart rate accelerations as a marker of fetal health. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72: 621–26.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, CV, Nguyen, HN, Phelan, JP et al. Intrapartum assessment of fetal well-being: A comparison of fetal acoustic stimulation with acid-base determinations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 726–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DiGiovanni, LM, Zuidema, LJ. Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation as a predictor of fetal acid-base status in labor. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of The Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.New Orleans:The Society of Perinatal Obstetricians., 1989.Google Scholar
Irion, O, Stuckelberger, P, Extermann, PH. Intrapartum fetal heart rate reactivity (spontaneous or induced): does it correlate with normal fetal acid-base status? Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of The Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. New Orleans: The Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 1989.Google Scholar