Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 October 2008
Alcohol was discovered soon after the development of waterproof pots to store and transport water and fruit. Liquids produced by spontaneous fermentation of grains, sugars and fruits were found to enhance pleasure. During the middle ages alchemists discovered that distillation increased this power and thought they had found the elixir of life. Since then almost every culture has used alcohol. Each society has introduced its own restrictions on the availability, exports, imports and consumption of alcoholic beverages within its religious and political structure. Generally, drinking levels which interfere with self-control or result in individual, familial or societal harm are disapproved by all cultures.