Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T15:33:08.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE ROLE OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL IMAGING CORRELATION (STIC) IN THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 September 2014

JIMMY ESPINOZA
JIMMY ESPINOZA*
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, TX.
*
Dr Jimmy Espinoza, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and TCH Pavilion for Women, 6651 Main Street, Suite 1020, Houston TX 77030. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) is a feature of four-dimensional ultrasonography (4D US) that allows the acquisition of volume datasets akin to blocks of pathological specimens, where all the anatomical information is contained in the block and the information displayed depends on the level at which the block is cut. STIC has the additional advantages that these planes can be assessed in a virtual beating heart, and that rendering techniques can be used to gain additional insight into the structure and function of the fetal heart.

Type
Review Article
Information
Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 59 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Sklansky, MS, Nelson, TR, Pretorius, DH. Usefulness of gated three-dimensional fetal echocardiography to reconstruct and display structures not visualized with two-dimensional imaging. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80 (5): 665–8.Google Scholar
2.Nelson, TR. Three-dimensional fetal echocardiography. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1998; 69 (2–3): 257–72.Google Scholar
3.Scharf, A, Geka, F, Steinborn, A, Frey, H, Schlemmer, A, Sohn, C. 3D real-time imaging of the fetal heart. Fetal Diagn Ther 2000; 15 (5): 267–74.Google Scholar
4.Bega, G, Kuhlman, K, Lev-Toaff, A, Kurtz, A, Wapner, R. Application of three-dimensional ultrasonography in the evaluation of the fetal heart. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20 (4): 307–13.Google Scholar
5.Deng, J, Yates, R, Birkett, AG, Ruff, CF, Linney, AD, Lees, WR, et al.Online motion-gated dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography in the fetus – preliminary results. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27 (1): 43–50.Google Scholar
6.Meyer-Wittkopf, M, Cooper, S, Vaughan, J, Sholler, G. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic analysis of congenital heart disease in the fetus: comparison with cross-sectional (2D) fetal echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17 (6): 485–92.Google Scholar
7.DeVore, GR, Falkensammer, P, Sklansky, MS, Platt, LD. Spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC): new technology for evaluation of the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22 (4): 380–7.Google Scholar
8.Goncalves, LF, Lee, W, Chaiworapongsa, T, Espinoza, J, Schoen, ML, Falkensammer, P, et al.Four-dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal heart with spatiotemporal image correlation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189 (6): 1792–1802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Maulik, D, Nanda, NC, Singh, V, Dod, H, Vengala, S, Sinha, A, et al.Live three-dimensional echocardiography of the human fetus. Echocardiography 2003; 20 (8): 715–21.Google Scholar
10.Chaoui, R, Hoffmann, J, Heling, KS. Three-dimensional (3D) and 4D color Doppler fetal echocardiography using spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 23 (6): 535–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Espinoza, J, Goncalves, LF, Lee, W, Chaiworapongsa, T, Treadwell, MC, Stites, S, et al.The use of the minimum projection mode in 4-dimensional examination of the fetal heart with spatiotemporal image correlation. J Ultrasound Med 2004; 23 (10): 1337–48.Google Scholar
12.Yagel, S, Valsky, DV, Messing, B. Detailed assessment of fetal ventricular septal defect with 4D color Doppler ultrasound using spatio-temporal image correlation technology. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 25 (1): 97–8.Google Scholar
13.Benacerraf, BR. Sonographic detection of fetal anomalies of the aortic and pulmonary arteries: value of four-chamber view vs. direct images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994; 163 (6): 1483–89.Google Scholar
14.Chaoui, R. The examination of the normal fetal heart using two-dimensional fetal echocardiography. In: Yagel, S, Silverman, NH, Gembruch, U (eds.) Fetal Cardiology. London: Martin Dunitz; 2003; 141–9.Google Scholar
15.Allan, L. Technique of fetal echocardiography. Pediatr Cardiol 2004; 25 (3): 223–33.Google Scholar
16.Bromley, B, Estroff, JA, Sanders, SP, Parad, R, Roberts, D, FrigolettoFD, Jr FD, Jr, et al.Fetal echocardiography: accuracy and limitations in a population at high and low risk for heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166 (5): 1473–81.Google Scholar
17.Kalache, K, Romero, R, Goncalves, LF, Chaiworapongsa, T, Espinoza, J, Schoen, ML, et al.Three-dimensional color power imaging of the fetal hepatic circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189 (5): 1401–6.Google Scholar
18.Ruano, R, Benachi, A, Aubry, MC, Brunelle, F, Dumez, Y, Dommergues, M. Perinatal three-dimensional color power Doppler ultrasonography of vein of Galen aneurysms. J Ultrasound Med 2003; 22 (12): 1357–62.Google Scholar
19.Lee, W, Kalache, KD, Chaiworapongsa, T, Londono, J, Treadwell, MC, Johnson, A, et al.Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography during pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 2003; 22 (1): 91–7.Google Scholar
20.Chaoui, R, Schneider, MB, Kalache, KD. Right aortic arch with vascular ring and aberrant left subclavian artery: prenatal diagnosis assisted by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22 (6): 661–3.Google Scholar
21.Goncalves, LF, Romero, R, Espinoza, J, Lee, W, Treadwell, M, Chintala, K, et al.Four-dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal heart using color Doppler spatiotemporal image correlation. J Ultrasound Med 2004; 23 (4): 473–81.Google Scholar
22.Goncalves, LF, Espinoza, J, Lee, W, Mazor, M, Romero, R. Three- and four-dimensional reconstruction of the aortic and ductal arches using inversion mode: a new rendering algorithm for visualization of fluid-filled anatomical structures. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24 (6): 696–8.Google Scholar
23.Espinoza, J, Goncalves, LF, Lee, W, Mazor, M, Romero, R. A novel method to improve prenatal diagnosis of abnormal systemic venous connections using three- and four-dimensional ultrasonography and “inversion mode”. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 25 (5): 428–34.Google Scholar
24.Benacerraf, BR. Inversion mode display of 3D sonography: applications in obstetric and gynecologic imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (4): 965–71.Google Scholar
25.Deng, J, Rodeck, CH. New fetal cardiac imaging techniques. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24 (13): 1092–103.Google Scholar
26.Goncalves, LF, Espinoza, J, Lee, W, Nien, JK, Hong, JS, Santolaya-Forgas, J, et al.A new approach to fetal echocardiography: digital casts of the fetal cardiac chambers and great vessels for detection of congenital heart disease. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24 (4): 415–24.Google Scholar
27.Volpe, P, Campobasso, G, Stanziano, A, De, RV, Di Paolo, S, Caruso, G, et al.Novel application of 4D sonography with B-flow imaging and spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) in the assessment of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries in fetuses with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 28 (1): 40–6.Google Scholar
28.Rizzo, G, Arduini, D, Capponi, A. Use of the multiplanar display in evaluation of a persistent left superior vena cava in the fetal heart using 4-dimensional ultrasonography: advantage of adding the spin technique. J Ultrasound Med 2008; 27 (3): 497–8.Google Scholar
29.Bega, G, Lev-Toaff, A, Kuhlman, K, Kurtz, A, Goldberg, B, Wapner, R. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging in obstetrics: present and future applications. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20 (4): 391–408.Google Scholar
30.DeVore, GR, Polanco, B, Sklansky, MS, Platt, LD. The “spin” technique: a new method for examination of the fetal outflow tracts using three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24 (1): 72–82.Google Scholar
31.Espinoza, J, Romero, R, Kusanovic, JP, Gotsch, F, Erez, O, Lee, W, et al.The role of the sagittal view of the ductal arch in identification of fetuses with conotruncal anomalies using 4-dimensional ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 2007; 26 (9): 1181–8.Google Scholar
32.DeVore, GR, Polanko, B. Tomographic ultrasound imaging of the fetal heart: a new technique for identifying normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24 (12): 1685–96.Google Scholar
33.Goncalves, LF, Espinoza, J, Romero, R, Kusanovic, J, Swope, B, Nien, JK, et al.Four-dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal heart using a novel tomographic ultrasound imaging display. J Perinat Med 2006; 34 (1): 39–55.Google Scholar
34.Rizzo, G, Capponi, A, Cavicchioni, O, Vendola, M, Pietrolucci, ME, Arduini, D. Application of automated sonography on 4-dimensional volumes of fetuses with transposition of the great arteries. J Ultrasound Med 2008; 27 (5): 771–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Rizzo, G, Capponi, A, Vendola, M, Pietrolucci, ME, Arduini, D. Role of tomographic ultrasound imaging with spatiotemporal image correlation for identifying fetal ventricular septal defects. J Ultrasound Med 2008; 27 (7): 1071–75.Google Scholar
36.Leung, KY, Ngai, CS, Chan, BC, Leung, WC, Lee, CP, Tang, MH. Three-dimensional extended imaging: a new display modality for three-dimensional ultrasound examination. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26 (3): 244–51.Google Scholar
37.Carvalho, JS, Mavrides, E, Shinebourne, EA, Campbell, S, Thilaganathan, B. Improving the effectiveness of routine prenatal screening for major congenital heart defects. Heart 2002; 88 (4): 387–91.Google Scholar
38.Espinoza, J, Kusanovic, JP, Goncalves, LF, Nien, JK, Hassan, S, Lee, W, et al.A novel algorithm for comprehensive fetal echocardiography using 4-dimensional ultrasonography and tomographic imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2006; 25 (8): 947–56.Google Scholar
39.Rizzo, G, Capponi, A, Muscatello, A, Cavicchioni, O, Vendola, M, Arduini, D. Examination of the fetal heart by four-dimensional ultrasound with spatiotemporal image correlation during routine second-trimester examination: the “three-steps technique”. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24 (2): 126–31.Google Scholar
40.Espinoza, J, Lee, W, Comstock, C, Romero, R, Yeo, L, Rizzo, G, et al.Collaborative study on 4-dimensional echocardiography for the diagnosis of fetal heart defects: the COFEHD study. J Ultrasound Med 2010; 29 (11): 1573–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Bennasar, M, Martinez, JM, Gomez, O, Bartrons, J, Olivella, A, Puerto, B, et al.Accuracy of four-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation echocardiography in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36 (4): 458–64.Google Scholar
42.Baba, K, Okai, T. Basis and principles of three-dimensional ultrasound. In: Baba, K, Jurkovic, D (eds.) Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecoloy. New York, NY: Parthenon; 1997; 1–21.Google Scholar
43.Kettl, K, Gritzky, A. Introduction to three-dimensional ultrasound technology and future aspects. In: Kurjak, A (ed.) Three-Dimensional Power Doppler in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York, NY: Parthenon; 2000; 1–7.Google Scholar
44.Pooh, RK. New application of B-flow sono-angiography in perinatology. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000; 15 (2): 163.Google Scholar
45.Deane, C. Extended field-of-view and B-flow ultrasound: fashion or future? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000; 15 (2): 96–7.Google Scholar
46.Devore, GR. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional fetal echocardiography: a new frontier. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005; 17 (5): 592–604.Google Scholar
47.Lee, W, Espinoza, J, Cutler, N, Bronsteen, RA, Yeo, L, Romero, R. The “starfish” sign: a novel sonographic finding with B-flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation in a fetus with total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 35 (1): 124–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Espinoza, J, Romero, R, Kusanovic, JP, Gotsch, F, Erez, O, Hassan, S, et al.Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with the multiplanar display and B-flow imaging using 4-dimensional sonography. J Ultrasound Med 2009; 28 (10): 1375–8.Google Scholar
49.Bennasar, M, Martinez, JM, Gomez, O, Figueras, F, Olivella, A, Puerto, B, et al.Intra- and inter-observer repeatability of fetal cardiac examination using four-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation in each trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 35 (3): 318–23.Google Scholar
50.Yagel, S, Cohen, SM, Rosenak, D, Messing, B, Lipschuetz, M, Shen, O, et al. Added value of 3D/4D US in the offline analysis and diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 37 (4): 432–7.Google Scholar
51.Espinoza, J, Lee, W, Vinals, F, Martinez, JM, Bennasar, M, Rizzo, G, et al.Collaborative study of 4-dimensional fetal echocardiography in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33 (6): 1079–84.Google Scholar
52.Vinals, F, Ascenzo, R, Naveas, R, Huggon, I, Giuliano, A. Fetal echocardiography at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks using four-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation telemedicine via an Internet link: a pilot study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31 (6): 633–8.Google Scholar
53.Bennasar, M, Martinez, JM, Olivella, A, del Rio, M, Gomez, O, Figueras, F, et al.Feasibility and accuracy of fetal echocardiography using four-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation technology before 16 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33 (6): 645–51.Google Scholar