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Immune defence mechanisms and immunoenhancement strategies in oropharyngeal candidiasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2008

Cristina Cunha Villar*
Affiliation:
Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
Affiliation:
Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: Cristina Cunha Villar, Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Tel: +1 210 567 3600; Fax: +1 210 567 6858; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be high, mainly because of an increasing population of immunocompromised patients. Traditional treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis has relied on the use of antimicrobial drugs. However, unsatisfactory results with drug monotherapy and the emergence of resistant strains have prompted investigations into the potential use of adjunctive immunoenhancing therapies for the treatment of these infections. Here we review the host-recognition systems of Candida albicans, the immune and inflammatory response to infection, and antifungal effector mechanisms. The potential of immune modulation as a therapeutic strategy in oropharyngeal candidiasis is also discussed.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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References

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Further reading, resources and contacts

Gantner, B. N., Simmons, R. M. and Underhill, D. M. (2005) Dectin-1 mediates macrophage recognition of Candida albicans yeast but not filaments. EMBO J 24, 1277-1286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, A. D., et al. (2007) Dectin-1 promotes fungicidal activity of human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 37, 467-478CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acosta-Rodriguez, E. V., et al. (2007) Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells. Nat Immunol 8, 639-646CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zelante, T., et al. (2007) IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance. Eur J Immunol 37, 2695-2706CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gantner, B. N., Simmons, R. M. and Underhill, D. M. (2005) Dectin-1 mediates macrophage recognition of Candida albicans yeast but not filaments. EMBO J 24, 1277-1286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, A. D., et al. (2007) Dectin-1 promotes fungicidal activity of human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 37, 467-478CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acosta-Rodriguez, E. V., et al. (2007) Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells. Nat Immunol 8, 639-646CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zelante, T., et al. (2007) IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance. Eur J Immunol 37, 2695-2706CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed