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Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase Pin1 in ageing, cancer and Alzheimer disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2011

Tae Ho Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lucia Pastorino
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Kun Ping Lu*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: Kun Ping Lu, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0408, Boston, MA 02215, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline is a key signalling mechanism in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase) is the only enzyme known that can isomerise specific Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds after phosphorylation and regulate their conformational changes with high efficiency. These Pin1-catalysed conformational changes can have profound effects on phosphorylation signalling by regulating a spectrum of target activities. Interestingly, Pin1 deregulation is implicated in a number of diseases, notably ageing and age-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer disease. Pin1 is overexpressed in most human cancers; it activates numerous oncogenes or growth enhancers and also inactivates a large number of tumour suppressors or growth inhibitors. By contrast, ablation of Pin1 prevents cancer, but eventually leads to premature ageing and neurodegeneration. Consistent with its neuroprotective role, Pin1 has been shown to be inactivated in neurons of patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, Pin1-mediated phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerisation represents a unique signalling mechanism that has a pivotal role in the development of human diseases, and might offer an attractive new diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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References

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Further reading, resources and contacts

The following papers describe in detail the mechanisms of prolyl cis–trans isomerisation that are not discussed in this review. Other diseases involving Pin1 deregulation are also reviewed.

Behrens, M.I. et al. (2009) A common biological mechanism in cancer and Alzheimer's disease? Current Alzheimer Research 6, 196-204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, K.P. and Zhou, X.Z. (2007) The prolyl isomerase PIN1: a pivotal new twist in phosphorylation signalling and disease. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 8, 904-916CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, K.P. et al. (2007) Prolyl cis-trans isomerization as a molecular timer. Nature Chemical Biology 3, 619-629CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wulf, G. et al. (2005) Phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerization: is there an underlying theme? Nature Cell Biology 7, 435-441CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The UCSD-Nature Signaling Gateway Molecule Pages provide general information about Pin1, its regulation and interacting proteins:http://www.signaling-gateway.org/molecule/Google Scholar
Behrens, M.I. et al. (2009) A common biological mechanism in cancer and Alzheimer's disease? Current Alzheimer Research 6, 196-204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, K.P. and Zhou, X.Z. (2007) The prolyl isomerase PIN1: a pivotal new twist in phosphorylation signalling and disease. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 8, 904-916CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, K.P. et al. (2007) Prolyl cis-trans isomerization as a molecular timer. Nature Chemical Biology 3, 619-629CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wulf, G. et al. (2005) Phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerization: is there an underlying theme? Nature Cell Biology 7, 435-441CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The UCSD-Nature Signaling Gateway Molecule Pages provide general information about Pin1, its regulation and interacting proteins:http://www.signaling-gateway.org/molecule/Google Scholar