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The molecular and cellular defects underlying Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2008

Karen J. Woodward
Karen J. Woodward
Affiliation:
Western Diagnostic Pathology, 74 McCoy Street, Myaree, WA 6154, Australia. Tel: +61 8 317 0999; Fax: +61 8 317 0777; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a recessive X-linked dysmyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The most frequent cause of PMD is a genomic duplication of chromosome Xq22 including the region encoding the dosage-sensitive proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. The PLP1 duplications are heterogeneous in size, unlike duplications causing many other genomic disorders, and arise by a distinct molecular mechanism. Other causes of PMD include PLP1 deletions, triplications and point mutations. Mutations in the PLP1 gene can also give rise to spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2), an allelic form of the disease. Thus, there is a spectrum of CNS disorder from mild SPG2 to severe connatal PMD. PLP1 encodes a major protein in CNS myelin and is abundantly expressed in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. Significant advances in our understanding of PMD have been achieved by investigating mutant PLP1 in PMD patients, animal models and in vitro studies. How the different PLP1 mutations and dosage effects give rise to PMD is being revealed. Interestingly, the underlying causes of pathogenesis are distinct for each of the different genetic abnormalities. This article reviews the genetics of PMD and summarises the current knowledge of causative molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Type
Review Article
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 10 , October 2008 , e14
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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Further reading, resources and contacts

The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) website provides an overview of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease and references to the most significant publications.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omimGoogle Scholar
www.genetests.orgGoogle Scholar
www.pmdfoundation.orgGoogle Scholar
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