Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T11:22:36.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Use of Leptochloa fusca for the Improvement of Salt-Affected Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

Ashok Kumar
Affiliation:
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal-132-001, India

Summary

The grass Leptocloa fusca is very useful on salt-affected soils as it can tolerate extremely saline and alkaline conditions, Since its growth is not affected by gypsum application, planting with Leptochloa is a good biological method for the reclamation of alkaline soils. It is also well adapted to the waterlogging encountered on saline and alkaline soils, and improves the soil's physical, chemical and biological properties so that within two or three years many commercial and forage crops can be grown. Leptochloa excretes salts through specialized glands and is therefore reasonably palatable to farm animals. Because of its vigorous growth on alkaline soils it does not allow satisfactory growth of companion trees, especially in the initial years of soil reclamation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdullah, M., Qureshi, R. H. & Ahmed, N. (1986). Response of Leptochloa fsca to various types of substrate salinities. In Proceedings of US-Pakistan Biosaline Research Workshop, 22–26 September 1985, Karachi, Pakistan, 115123.Google Scholar
Agarwal, R. R., Singh, M. & Pal, C. (1950) Dhaincha as a green manure in Uttar Pradesh. Bulletin Department of Agriculture, 104124. Uttar Pradesh: Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Parvej (1991). Agroforestry: a viable land use of alkali soils. Agroforesty Systems 14:2337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akhter, J., Waheed, R. A., Malik, K. A. & Haq, M. I. (1985). Effect of Kallar grass on water transmission characteristics of salt-affected soils. Managing soil resources. Proceedings of the First National Congress Soil Science, Lahore, October 1985, 393407.Google Scholar
Armstrong, W. (1972). A re-examination of the functional significance of aerenchyma. Physiology Plantarum 27:173177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashok, Kumar (1988 a). Performance of forage grasses in saline soils. Indian journal of Agronomy 33:2630.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar (1988 b). Long term forage yields of five tropical grasses on an extremely sodic soil and resultant soil amelioration. Experimental Agriculture 24:8996.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar (1990) Effect of gypsum compared with that of grasses on the yield of forage crops on a highly sodic soil. Experimental Agriculture 26:185188.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar (1993). Grasses and forage crops for salt affected soils. In Salt Affected Soils and Crop Production; A Modern Synthesis, 225262 (Eds Lai, P., Chippa, B. R. and Kumar, Arvind). Bikaner: Agro-Botanical Publishers.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar & Abrol, I. P. (1983 a). Effect of gypsum on five tropical grasses grown in normal and extremely sodic soil. Experimental Agriculture 19:169177.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar & Abrol, I. P. (1983 b). Effect of periods of submergence on the performance of selected grasses. Indian journal of Agricultural Sciences 53:694698.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar & Abrol, I. P. (1984). Studies on the reclaiming effect of karnal grass and para grass grown in a highly sodic soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54:189193.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar & Abrol, I. P. (1986). Grasses in Alkali Soils. Bulletin No. 11, 95. Karnal: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, ICAR.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar & Sharma, D. K. (1992). Performance of tropical forage grasses with different methods of planting in alkali soils under rainfed conditions. Indian journal of Agronomy. 37:527532.Google Scholar
Ashok, Kumar, Batra, L. & Chhabra, R. (1994). Forage yield of sorghum and winter clovers as affected by biological and chemical reclamation of a highly alkaline soil. Experimental Agriculture 30:343348.Google Scholar
Bhatti, A. S. & Wienecke, J. (1984). Na+ and Cl: Leaf extrusion retranslocation and root efflux in Diplachne fusca (Kallar grass) grown in NaCl. journal of Plant Nutrition 7:12331250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatti, A. S., Sarwar, G., Wienecke, J. & Tahir, M. (1983) Salt effects on growth and mineral contents of Diplachne fusca (Kallar grass). journal of Plant Nutrition 6:239254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaster, E. S. J., McCann, C. & Sabnis, T. S. (1929). The Flora of the Indus Delta, Madras, India: The Methodis Publishing House, 173.Google Scholar
Booth, F. E. M. (1983). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Tropics (SEPASAT). Dossier No. I. Kew, England: Royal Botanical Gardens.Google Scholar
Drew, M. C. (1981) Plant response to anaerobic conditions in soil and solution culture. In Commentaries in Plant Sciences, 209223 (Ed. by Smith, H.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duthie, J. F. (1896). The Fodder Grasses of Northern India. First Indian Reprint. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers.Google Scholar
Farooq, S. (1989). Karyological studies of Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L.). Cytologia 54:381384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooq, S. & Naqvi, S. H. M. (1987) Probems and prospects of Rice X kallar grass hybridization. Pakistan journal of Science and Industrial Research 30:660663.Google Scholar
Grewal, S. S. & Abrol, I. P. (1988) Forage yield, chemical composition and reclaiming effect of Karnal grass (Diplachne fusca) grown with tree in alkali soil. Indian journal of Agriculture Sciences 58:278282.Google Scholar
Hackett, C. & Wickens, G. E. (1985) Plant description for practical purposes; a model of Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, a salt tolerant grass of arid lands. Herbage Abstracts 55:305.Google Scholar
Haque, M. I. & Khan, M. F. A. (1971). Reclamation of saline and alkaline soils by growing kallar grass. The Nucleus 8(4):139144.Google Scholar
Hurek, T., Rainhold, Hurek-B, Montagu, M-Van & Kallenberger, E. (1991). Infection of intact roots of kallar grass and rice seedlings by Azoarcus, Nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-legumes, Florence, 235–242 Italy, 14–14 September 1990. (Eds Polsinelli, M. P., Materassi, R. and Vincenzimi, .)Google Scholar
Joshi, Y. C., Dwivedi, R. S., Bal, A. R. & Qadar, A. (1983) Salt excretion by glands in Diplachne fusca. Indian journal of Plant Physiology 26:203208.Google Scholar
Joshi, Y. C., Qadar, A. & Sharma, S. K. (1986). Root growth of Desmostachya, Diplachne, Triticum and Brassica on sodic soils. Indian journal of Agriculture Sciences 55:434437.Google Scholar
Khanum, S. A., Ali, M. & Naqvi, S. H. M. (1986). Effect of feeding salt tolerant grasses on reproductive efficiency of dwarf goats. International Symposium on the Use of Nuclear Techniques in Studies of Animal Production and Health in Different Environments, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 7–21 March 1986.Google Scholar
Kloss, M., Iwanneck, K. H., Fendrick, I. & Niemann, E-G (1984). Organic acids in the root exudates of Diplachne fusca (Linn) Beauv. Environment and Experimental Botany 24:179188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarides, M. (1970). The Grasses of Central Australia. Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
Lipman, C. B. & Gericke, W. F. (1919). The inhibition by stable manure of the injurious effects of alkali salts in soils. Soil Science 7:105–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malik, K. A. (1978). Biological methods of reclamation of salt affected soils. In Technology for Increasing Food Production, 105109 (Ed. by Holmes, J. C.). Rome, Italy: FAO.Google Scholar
Malik, K. A., Aslam, Z. & Naqvi, M. (1986). Kallar Grass–Plant for Saline Lands. Faislabad, Pakistan: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB).Google Scholar
Qureshi, R. H., Salim, M., Abullah, M. & Pitman, M. G. (1982). Diplachne fusca: An Australian salt tolerant grass used in Pakistan Agriculture. The Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 48:195199.Google Scholar
Sandhu, G. R. & Qureshi, R. H. (1986). Salt affected soils of Pakistan and their utilization. Reclamation and Revegetation Research. 5:105113.Google Scholar
Sandhu, G. R., Aslam, Z.Salim, M., Sattar, A., Qureshi, R. H., Ahmed, N. & Wyn Jones, R. G. (1981). The effect of salinity on the yield and composition of Diplachne fusca (Kallar grass). Plant, Cell and Environment 4:177181.Google Scholar
Singh, G., Abrol, I. P. & Cheema, S. S. (1988). Agroforestry on alkali soil: Effect of planting methods and amendments on initial growth, (Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC) with inter space planted with and without Karnal grass (Diplachne fusca Linn. P. Beauv). Agroforestry Systems 7:135160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, G., Gill, H. S., Abrol, I. P., Cheema, S. S. & Singh, G. (1991). Forage yield, mineral composition, nutrient cycling and ameliorating effects of Karnal grass (Leptochloa fusca) grown with mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) in a highly alkaline soil. Field Crops Research 26:4555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verboon, W. C. & Brunt, M. A. (1970) An ecological survey of Western Province, Zambia, with special reference to the fodder resources. Vol. 2. The Grasslands and their Development. Land Research Study No. 8. Tolworth, UK: Ministry of Overseas Development.Google Scholar
Wicneckc, J., Sarwar, G. & Goab, M. (1987). Existence of salt glands on leaves of kallar grass (Leplochloa fusca L. Kunth). Journal of Plant Nutrition 10:805819.Google Scholar
Wyn Jones, R. G. (1982). Some European contributions to Biosaline research. In Biosaline Research. A Look to the Future. Proceedings International Workshop on Biosaline Research, LaPaz, Mexico, 16–20 November 1980 (Ed. san Pietro, W. A.). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar