Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T22:33:35.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RESPONSE OF MAIZE TO PHOSPHORUS FROM FERTILIZER AND CHICKEN MANURE IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

S. A. MATERECHERA  and
H. M. MORUTSE
S. A. MATERECHERA*
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Science & Technology, North West University (Mafeking Campus), P/B X2046 Mmabatho, South Africa
H. M. MORUTSE
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Science & Technology, North West University (Mafeking Campus), P/B X2046 Mmabatho, South Africa
*
†Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Chicken manure is a potential source of plant available phosphorous (P) and this field study explored its use for dry land maize production in a soil with very low inherent P levels. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P ha−1 each from chicken manure (2.3% P), inorganic fertilizer (single super phosphate, 10.5% P) and a combination of manure and fertilizer. The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design over two crop seasons. The results revealed that maize growth and yield responded to the P from both manure and fertilizer compared to the control. There were significantly (p < 0.05) taller plants and yield (grain and biomass) in maize supplied with P than control. At each level of P application however, the response was higher for fertilizer than manure. The combination of manure and inorganic fertilizer produced results that were in the middle. There were strong indications that application of chicken manure was associated with increased lodging possibly due to the additional N in the manure, attack by stalk borer (Buseola fusca) and reduced seedling emergence. The application of chicken manure on the other hand led to increased pH and greater residual P content of the soil than fertilizer. It is concluded that chicken manure presents a viable option for supplying P to sustain maize crops in the smallholder farming sector of South Africa and its management warrants further investigation in view of the potential adverse impacts on soil and water resources that can accrue when large amounts are used for a long period.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , July 2009 , pp. 261 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bainbridge, S. H., Miles, N., Praan, R. and Johnston, M. A. (1995). Phosphorus sorption in Natal soils. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 12:59–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
City Council of Mafikeng (1999). Land Development Objectives (1998–2003). Vol. I: Situation Analysis. City Council of Mafikeng, Mmabatho.Google Scholar
Edmeades, D. C. (2003). The long-term effects of manures and fertilizers on soil productivity and quality: a review. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 66:165–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DoA (Department of Agriculture), (2004). National Agricultural Directory, South Africa 2004/5. 1st edn. Rainbow SA, Pretoria.Google Scholar
Fageria, N. K. (2009). The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press,. pp. 91–123.Google Scholar
Farina, M. P. W. and Channon, P. (1987). Season and phosphorus age effects on the relationship between maize yield and phosphorus soil test in highly weathered soil. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 4:21–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO-ISS-ISRIC, 1998. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Soil Resource Report 84. FAO. Rome.Google Scholar
FSSA. (1989). Fertilizer Handbook. 3rd edn, Hennopsmeer: The Fertilizer Society of South Africa.Google Scholar
Grandy, A. S., Porter, G. A. and Erich, M. S. (2002). Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Science Society America Journal 66:1311–1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, X. Z., Zhou, D. M., Chen, H. M. and Dong, Y. H. (2008). Leaching of copper and zinc in a garden soil receiving poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming. Pedosphere 18:69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoyt, K. R. and Turner, R. C. (1975). Effects of organic materials added to a very acid soil on pH, aluminium, exchangeable NH4 and crop yield. Soil Science 119:2227–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hue, N. V. (1991). Effects of organic acids anions on P sorption and phyto-availability in soil with different mineralogies. Soil Science 152:463–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hue, N. V. (1992). Correcting soil acidity of a highly weathered Ultisol with chicken manure and sewage sludge. Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis 23:241–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hue, N. V., Ikawa, H. and Adams, R. (1994). Increasing plant available phosphorus in an Ultisol with a yard-waste compost. Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis 25:3291–3303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyamuremye, F. and Dick, R. P. (1996). Organic amendments and phosphorus sorption by soils. Advances in Agronomy 56:139–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyamuremye, F., Dick, R. P. and Bahman, J. (1996). Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics: I. Phosphorus sorption. Soil Science 161:436–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khasawneh, F. E., Sample, E. C. and Kamprath, E. J. (1980). The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwabiah, A. B., Stoskop, N. C., Palm, C. A., Voroney, R. P., Rao, M. R. and Gacheru, E. (2003). Phosphorus availability and maize response to organic and inorganic fertilizer inpits in a short term study in western Kenya. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95:49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linquist, B. A., Singleton, P. W., Cassam, K. G. and Keane, K. (1996). Residual phosphorus and long-term management strategies for an Ultisol. Plant and Soil 184:47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maldonado-Montiel, T. D. N. J., Rodriguez-Canche, L. G. and Olivera-Novoa, M. A. (2003). Evaluation of Artemia biomass production in San Crisano, Yucatan, Mexico, with the use of poultry manure as organic fertilizer. Aquaculture 219:573–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mantovi, P., Bonazzi, G., Maestri, E. and Marmiroli, N. (2003). Accumulation of copper and zinc from liquid manure in agricultural soils and crop plants. Plant and Soil 250:249–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mengel, K, Kirkby, A., Kosegarten, H. and Appel, T. (2001). Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th edition. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mkhabela, T. S. and Materechera, S. A. (2003). Factors influencing the utilization of cattle and chicken manure for soil fertility management by emergent farmers in the moist Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 65:151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mnkeni, P. N. S. and MacKenzie, A. F. (1985). Retention of ortho-and polyphosphosphates in some Quebec soils as affected by organic residues and calcium carbonate. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65:575–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed Saleem, M. A. and Von Kaufmann, R. (1986). Effect of phosphorus application on the productivity and quality of three stylosanthesis cultivars. Tropical Agriculture 63:212–216.Google Scholar
Nicholson, F. A., Chambers, B. J. and Smith, K. A. (1996). Nutrient composition of poultry manure in England and Wales. Bioresource Technology 58:279–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noble, A. D., Zenneck, I. and Randall, P. J. (1996). Leaf litter ash alkalinity and neutralization of soil acidity. Plant and Soil 179:293–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyakatawa, E. Z., Reddy, K. C. and Brown, G. F. (2001). Residual effect of poultry litter applied to cotton in conservation tillage systems on succeeding rye and corn. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 71:159–171.Google Scholar
Pocknee, S. and Sumner, M. E. (1997). Cation and nitrogen contents of organic matter determines its liming potential. Soil Science Society America Journal 61:86–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1991). SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5 edn. Cary: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Seobi, T. (1999). Manure as alternative to inorganic fertilizer. Agricultural News 26:4–5.Google Scholar
Sharpley, A. N., Weld, J. L., Beegle, D. B., Kleinman, P. J. A., Gburek, W. J., Moore, P. A. Jr., and Mullins, G.,(2003). Development of phosphorus indices for nutrient management planning strategies in the United States. Journal of Soil Water Conservation 58, 137–152.Google Scholar
Shepherd, M. A. and Withers, P. J. (1999). Application of poultry litter and triple super phosphate fertilizer to a sandy soil: effects on soil phosphorus status and profile distribution. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 54:233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sims, J. T. and Wolf, D. C. (1994). Poultry waste management: agricultural and environmental issues. Advances in Agronomy 52:1–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B., Singh, Y., Maskina, M. S. and Meek, O. P. (1996). The value of poultry manure for wetland rice grown in rotation with wheat. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 47:243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sistani, K. R., Sikora, F. J. and Rasnake, M. (2008). Poultry litter and tillage influences on corn production and soil nutrients in Kentucky silt loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research 98:130–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, G. (1980). Statistical Methods. 7th edn. Ames: Iowa State Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Soil Classification Working Group. (1991). Soil Classification: A taxonomic system for South Africa. Memoirs on the Agricultural Natural Resources of South Africa No. 15, Pretoria: Department of Agricultural Development.Google Scholar
Teresita, D. N. J. M., Leticia, G. R. C. and Miguel, A. O. N. (2003). Evaluation of Artemia biomass production in San Crisanto, Yucatan, Mexico, with the use of poultry manure as organic fertilizer. Aquaculture 219:573–584.Google Scholar
The Non-Affiliated Soil Analysis Working Committee. (1990). Handbook of Standard Soil Testing Methods for Advisory Purposes. Pretoria: Soil Science Society of South Africa.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. L., Sheard, R. W. and Moyen, J. R. (1967). Conventional and automated procedures for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium analysis of plant material using a single digestion. Agronomy Journal 59:240–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warman, P. R. and Cooper, J. M. (2000). Fertilization of a mixed forage crop with fresh and composted chicken manure and NPK fertilizer: Effects on soil and tissue Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80:345–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar