Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T22:31:05.879Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Population, Growth and Water Use of Groundnut Maintained on Stored Water. I. Root and Shoot Growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

R. C. Nageswara Rao ,
L. P. Simmonds ,
S. N. Azam-Ali  and
J. H. Williams
R. C. Nageswara Rao
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru PO, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India
L. P. Simmonds
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, England
S. N. Azam-Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, England
J. H. Williams
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru PO, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The growth of roots and shoots was measured in stands of groundnut grown at a number of populations on stored water in central India. Total weight and length of roots per unit land area increased with population density, but the proportional increases were much less than for shoot weight. Consequently the root:total weight ratio increased from 0.3 in the densest stand to almost 0.5 in the widely spaced crop. The denser stands produced a greater proportion of their roots at depth. In wide rows there was little change in rooting density across the inter-row space.

Total dry matter per unit land area increased with population, although the weight per plant was less in denser stands. Although the crops were harvested prematurely, pod yield per unit land area, unlike total dry matter, was no greater in dense stands than in more widely spaced crops. The greatest number of pods per unit land area was recorded at an intermediate population density.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , January 1989 , pp. 51 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alessi, J. & Power, J. F. (1982). Effects of plant and row spacing on dryland soybean yield and water use efficiency. Agronomy Journal 74:851–884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azam-Ali, S. N., Gregory, P. J. & Monteith, J. L. (1984). Effects of planting density on water use and productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) grown on stored water. I. Growth of shoots and roots. Experimental Agriculture 20:203–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azam-Ali, S. N., Simmonds, L. P., Rao, R. C. N. & Williams, J. H. (1989). Population, growth and water use of groundnut maintained on stored water. III. Dry matter, water use and light interception. Experimental Agriculture 25:77–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, P. J. M., Gregory, P. J., Keatinge, J. D. H. & Brown, S. C. (1986). Effects of fertiliser, variety and location on barley production under rainfed conditions in northern Syria. 2. Soil water dynamics and crop water use. Field Crops Research. In press.Google Scholar
DLFRS (1981). Dryland Farming Research Scheme, Botswana. Phase III. Second Annual Report, December 1981. ARS Sebele, Botswana.Google Scholar
DLFRS (1982). Dryland Farming Research Scheme, Botswana. Phase III. Third Annual Report, December 1982. ARS Sebele, Botswana.Google Scholar
Gregory, P. J. & Reddy, M. S. (1982). Root growth in an intercrop of pearl millet/groundnut. Field Crops Research 5:241–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. J., Shepherd, K. D. & Cooper, P. J. (1984). Effects of fertiliser on root growth and water use of barley in northern Syria. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 103:429–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanks, R. J., Allen, L. H. & Gardner, H. R. (1971). Advection and evapotranspiration of wide-row sorghum in the central great plains. Agronomy Journal 63:520–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ICRISAT (1982). Annual Report, 1981. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.Google Scholar
Jones, M. J. (1986). Maize population densities and spacings in Botswana. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 63:25–29.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. & Rackham, O. (1971). A note on the root growth of barley. Journal of Applied Ecology 8:919–924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, M., Blanch, P., Gregory, P. J. & Haycock, D. (1984). Water relations of winter wheat. 5. The root system and osmotic adjustment in relation to crop evaporation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102:415–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, R. J. K. (1980). The root system of a grain sorghum crop. Field Crops Research 3:53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noordwijk, M. van (1983). Functional interpretation of root densities in the field for nutrient and water uptake. In Root Ecology and its Practical Application, 207–226. International Symposium Gumpenstein, 1982. Bundesanstalt Gumpenstein, A-8952 Irdning.Google Scholar
Ong, C. K., Simmonds, L. P. & Matthews, R. B. (1987). Responses to saturation deficit in a stand of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). 2. Growth and development. Annals of Botany 59:121–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passioura, J. B. (1972). The effect of root geometry on the yield of wheat growing on stored water. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23:745–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, W. K., Hammond, L. C., Johnson, J. T. & Boote, K. J. (1980). Effects of water stress on root distribution of corn, soybeans and peanuts in sandy soil. Agronomy Journal 72:548–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowse, H. R. & Phillips, D. A. (1974). An instrument for measuring the total length of root in a sample. Journal of Applied Ecology 11:309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinozaki, K. & Kira, T. (1956). Intraspecific competition among higher plants. 7. Logistic theory of the C-D effect. Journal of the Polytechnic of Osaka City University D7:36–72.Google Scholar
Simmonds, L. P. & Williams, J. H. (1989). Population, growth and water use of groundnut maintained on stored water. II. Transpiration and evaporation from soil. Experimental Agriculture 25:63–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmonds, L. P. & Azam-Ali, S. N. (1989). Population, growth and water use of groundnut maintained on stored water. IV. The influence of population on water supply and demand. Experimental Agriculture 25:87–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, T. R., Tanner, C. B. & Bennett, J. M. (1984). Water use efficiency in crop production. Bioscience 34:36–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teare, I. D., Kanemasu, E. T., Powers, W. L. & Jacobs, H. S. (1973). Water use efficiency and its relation to crop canopy area, stomatal regulation and root distribution. Agronomy Journal 65:207–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar