Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T13:28:40.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physiological and Morphological Features Determining the Performance of the Sorghum Landraces of Northern Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

D. J. Flower
D. J. Flower
Affiliation:
West African Sorghum Improvement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 419 Yanyawa Avenue, Kano, Nigeria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Sorghum landraces from contrasting districts of northern Nigeria were grown during the 1990 rainy season to describe their physiological and morphological features. Changes in their dry matter production and yield could be predicted from thermal time to flowering (based on response to a fixed daylength) and partitioning indices. Many other morphological and physiological features, such as light-extinction coefficient, light-use efficiency, plant height, leaf area and leaf number, were either stable or varied systematically with time to flowering. Grain yields of early maturing lines were limited by low light interception from flowering to physiological maturity and those of later maturing lines by highly site-specific drought stress.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 32 , Issue 2 , April 1996 , pp. 129 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Carr, S. J. (1989). Technology for small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Technical Paper 109.Google Scholar
Curtis, D. L. (1967). The races of sorghum in Nigeria: their distribution and relative importance. Experimental Agriculture 3:275–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, D. L. (1968). The relation between the date of heading of Nigerian sorghum and the duration of the growing season. Experimental Agriculture 4:215–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (1993). 1993 FAO Production Yearbook 44:85. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Flower, D. J., Peacock, J. M. & Usha Rani, A. (1990). Influence of osmotic adjustment on growth, stomatal conductance and light interception of contrasting sorghum lines in a harsh environment. Australian journal of Plant Physiology 17:91–105.Google Scholar
Goudriaan, J. & Monteith, J. L. (1990). A mathematical function for crop growth based on light interception and leaf area expansion. Annals of Botany 66:695–701.Google Scholar
Hammer, G. L., Vanderlip, R. L., Gibson, G., Wade, L. J., Henzell, R. G., Younger, D. R., Warren, J. & Dale, A. B. (1989). Genotype-by-environment interaction in grain sorghum. II. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on ontogeny. Crop Science 29:376–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, S. W., Fukai, S., Searle, C., Maharjan, B. B. & Hermus, R. C. (1986). Variation in grain yield among sorghum hybrids sown in spring and summer. Proceedings of the 1st. Australian Sorghum Conference, Queensland Agricultural College, Lawes, Australia, 4–6 February, 1986. Lawes, Australia: Queensland Agricultural College.Google Scholar
Heslchurst, M. R. & Wilson, G. L. (1986). The influence of plant population on canopy structure, grain yield and yield components for a range of cultivars. Proceedings of the 1st. Australian Sorghum Conference, Queensland Agricultural College, Lawes, Australia, 4–6 February, 1986. Lawes, Australia: Queensland Agricultural College.Google Scholar
ICRISAT (1990). ICRISAT West African Programs Annual Report 1989. Niamey, Niger: ICRISAT Sahelian Center.Google Scholar
IAR (1988). Detailed Soil and Vegetational Surveys of Proposed Research Farms at Bagauda and Kadawa, Kano State. Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
KNARDA (1986). Agricultural Adaptive Research in 1986: Rainfed. Kano, Nigeria: Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority.Google Scholar
Kowal, J. M. & Knabe, D. T. (1973). An Agroclimatological Atlas of the Northern Slates of Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. B., Azam Ali, S. N. & Peacock, J. M. (1990). Response of four sorghum lines to mid-season drought. II. Leaf characteristics. Field Crops Research 25:297–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mengesha, M., Appa Rao, S. & Prasada Rao, K. E. (1991). Germplasm resources for the improvement of sorghum and millet in sub-Saharan Africa. SAFGRAD, Inter-network Conference on Food Grain Improvement, Niamey, Niger, 8–14 March, 1991.Google Scholar
Muchow, R. C. (1990). The effect of high temperature on the rate and duration of grain growth in field-grown Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech. Australian journal Agricultural Research 41:329–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muchow, R. C. & Coates, D. B. (1986). An analysis of the environmental limitation to yield of irrigated grain sorghum during the dry season in tropical Australia using a radiation interception model. Australian journal Agricultural Research 37:135–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natarajan, M. & Willey, R. W. (1980). Sorghum-pigeon pea intercropping and the effects of plant population density. 2. Resource use. journal of Agricultural Science 95:59–65.Google Scholar
Payne, W. A., Lascano, R. J. & Wendt, C. W. (1991). Annual soil water balance of cropped and fallowed millet fields in Niger. In Soil Water Balance in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone (Proceedings of an International Workshop, Niamey, Niger, February 1991) IAHS Publication 199. Wallingford, UK: IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology.Google Scholar
Prasada Rao, K. E., Obilana, A. T. & Mengesha, M. H. (1985). Collection of kaura, farafara and guineense sorghum in northern Nigeria. journal d'agriculture Traditionelle et de Botanique Appliques 32:73–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, T. R. & Ludlow, M. M. (1986). Influence of soil water supply on water loss of four tropical grain legumes. Australian journal of Plant Physiology 13:329–341.Google Scholar
Squire, G. R. (1990). The Physiology of Tropical Crop Production. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.Google Scholar
van Donk, S. J., Sivakumar, M. V. K. & Kanemasu, E. T. (1988). Estimation of Penman Potential Evaporation for the West African Sahel with an IBM PC. Agricultural Experimental Station, Kansas State University Department Report. Manhattan, Kansas, USA: Kansas State University.Google Scholar