Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T12:49:57.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New Farming Systems Development in the Wetter Tropics†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

A. S. R. Juo
A. S. R. Juo
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Farming systems in the wetter tropics may be divided into three simplified models: the irrigated paddy-rice multistorey homestead garden complex of Asia, the tree and cash crop plantations of Latin America, and the mixed root crop-bush fallow systems of Africa. In upland ecosystems, sustainable farming systems development rests on a delicate balance between conservation and utilization. To meet the basic food and nutritional needs of the indigenous population, there is great potential for the improvement and adaptation of multistorey homestead gardens and mixed systems which include trees and annual and perennial crops. The principle and practice of ‘alley cropping’ provide an ecologically sound basis for future farming systems research and development in the region.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , April 1989 , pp. 145 - 163
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anthony, K. R. M., Johnston, B. F., Jones, W. O. & Uchendu, V. C. (1979). Agricultural Change in Tropical Africa. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Atta-Krah, A. N., Sumberg, J. E. & Reynolds, L. (1986). Leguminous fodder tree in farming systems. In Potential of Forage Legumes in Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (Eds Haque, I., Jutzi, S., and Neate, P. J. H.). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA).Google Scholar
Biswas, A. K. (1984). Climate and Development. Dublin: Tycooly International Publishing.Google Scholar
Borlaug, N. E. (1983). Feeding the world during the next doubling of the world population. In Chemistry and World Food Supplies: Perspectives and Recommendations 133–158 (Eds Bixler, G. and Shemilt, L. W.). Manila, Philippines: IUPAC/IRRI Publications.Google Scholar
Bunting, A. H. (1970). Change in Agriculture. Letchworth: Gerald Duckworth.Google Scholar
CAB (1980). Perspectives in World Agriculture. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. O. (1979). Food for the Future. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Dasmann, F. B., Multon, J. P. & Freeman, P. H. (1973). Ecological Principles for Economic Development. New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Denevan, W. M. (1980). Traditional agricultural resource management in Latin America. In World Systems of Traditional Resource Management (Ed. by Klee, G.). Washington, D.C.: V. H. Winston & Sons.Google Scholar
Espig, G. (1979). Survey of possible alternatives in plant cultivation to increase agricultural production in the tropics. Plant Research and Development 9:36–51.Google Scholar
Friessen, D. K., Juo, A. S. R. & Miller, M. H. (1981). Residual effects of lime and leaching of calcium in a kaolinitic Ultisol in the high rainfall tropics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46:1184–1189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gliessman, S. R., Garcia, E. R. & Amador, A. M. (1981). The ecological basis for the application of traditional technology in the management of tropical agro-ecosystems. Agro-ecosystems 7:173–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golley, F. B. (1983a). Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Golley, F. R. (1983b). Ecodevelopment. In Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems (Ed. by Golley, F. B.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Griffith, J. F. (1976). Climate and the Environment – The Atmospheric Impact of Man, London: Paul Elek Publisher.Google Scholar
Grimme, H. & Juo, A. S. R. (1985). Inorganic nitrogen losses through leaching and denitrification in soils of the humid tropics. In Nitrogen Management in Farming Systems in Humid and Subhumid Tropics (Eds van der Heide, J., and Kang, B. T.). Haren: Netherlands Institute of Soil Fertility.Google Scholar
Hahn, S. K. & Keyser, J. (1985). Cassava: a basic food for Africa. Outlook on Agriculture 14:95–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harwood, R. R. & Price, E. C. (1976). Multiple cropping in tropical Asia. In Multiple Cropping. Special Publication No. 27, 11–40. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Harwood, R. R (1979). Small Farm Development: Understanding and Improving Farming Systems in the Humid Tropics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Herren, H. R., Neuenschwander, P., Hennessy, R. D. & Hammond, W. N. O. (1987). Introduction and dispersal of Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasite id of cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, in Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 19:131–144.Google Scholar
ILCA (International Livestock Center for Africa) (1984). Livestock Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. (1980). Mineralogical characteristics of Alfisols and Ultisols with variabe charge. In Soils with Variable Charge (Ed. by Theng, B. K. G.). Lower Hutt: Soil Science Society of New Zealand.Google Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. (1985). Cultivating tropical rain forests – methods and constraints. Entwicklung landlicher Raum 2/85:14–15.Google Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. (1986). Potassium response in root and tuber crops. In Potassium in the Farming Systems in the Humid Tropics, 277–288. Worblaufen-Bern, Switzerland: International Potash Institute (IPI).Google Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. & Kang, B. T. (1987). Nutrient effects in modification of shifting cultivation in West Africa. In Proceedings of an International Symposium on Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest and Savanna Ecosystems. Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland (in press).Google Scholar
Juo, A. S. R. & Ezumah, H. C. (1988). Mixed root crop ecosystems in the wetter regions of sub-Saharan Africa. In Food Crop Ecosystems of the World (Ed. by Pearson, C. J.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science (in press).Google Scholar
Kang, B. T., Wilson, G. F. & Lawson, T. L. (1984). Alley Cropping: A Stable Alternative to Shifting Cultivation. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.Google Scholar
Kang, B. T., Grimme, H. & Lawson, T. L. (1985). Alley cropping: sequentially cropped maize and cow-pea with Leucaena on a sandy soil in Southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 85:267–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, R. (1983). Hydrology of Humid Tropical Regions IAHS Publication No. 140. London: IAHS.Google Scholar
Lagemann, J. (1977).Traditional African Farming Systems in Southern Nigeria. Muenchen: Weltforum Verlag.Google Scholar
Lal, R., Sanchez, P. A. & JrCummings, R. W. (1985). Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Mannet, J. L. (1982). Nutritional limits to animal production from tropical pastures. In Problems of Animal Production from Tropical Pastures (Ed. by Hacker, J. B.). Slough: Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau.Google Scholar
Marten, G. G. (1986). Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: a Human Ecology Perspective. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S. & Duckworth, W. D. (1973). Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Mellor, J. W. (1986). The New Global Context for Agricultural Research: Implication for Policy. 1986 Annual Report, 7–14. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.Google Scholar
Michon, F. (1985). De l'homme de la forest au paysan de l'arbre – Agroforesteries Indonesiannes (Sumatra). PhD Thesis, University of Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France.Google Scholar
Moormann, F. R. & van Wambeke, A. (1978). The soils of the lowland rainy tropical climates: their inherent limitations for food production and related climate restraints. Proceedings llth ISSS Congres. Volume 2, 272–291. Edmonton: University of Alberta.Google Scholar
Moran, E. F. (1983). The Dilemma of Amazonian Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Neuenschwander, P., Hennessy, R. D. & Herren, H. R. (1987). Food web of insects associated with the cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) and its introduced parasitoid, Epidinocarsis lopesi (De Santis) in Africa. Bulletin Entomology Research 77:155–165.Google Scholar
Ngambeki, D. S. (1985). Economic evaluation of alley cropping with leucaena with maize-maize and maize-cowpea in southern Nigeria. Agricultural Systems 17:243–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NRG (National Research Council) (1981). The Water Buffalo: New Prospects for an Under-utilized Animal. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Science Press.Google Scholar
Okigbo, B. N. & Greenland, D. J. (1976). Intercropping systems in tropical Africa. In Multiple cropping. ASA Special Bulletin No. 27. Madison: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Okigbo, B. N. (1983). Plants and agroforestry in land use systems in West Africa. In Plant Research in Agroforestry (Ed. by Huxley, P. A.). Nairobi: International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF).Google Scholar
Omerod, W. E. (1978). The relationship between economic development and ecological degradation: How degradation has occurred in West Africa and how its progress might be halted. Journal Arid Environment 1:357–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Sullivan, T. E. (1985). Farming systems and soil management: the Philippines/Australian development program experience. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Proceeding Series No. 6, 77–81. Canberra: ACIAR.Google Scholar
Payne, W. J. A. (1984). A review of the possibilities for integrating cattle and tree crop production systems in the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management 12:1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peck, R. B. (1982). Forest research activities and the importance of multi-strata production systems in the Amazon Basin. In Amazonia: Agriculture and Land Use Research (Ed. by Heckt, S. J.). Cali: International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (ClAT).Google Scholar
Possey, D. A. (1985). Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapo Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems 3:139–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prance, G. T. (1986). Tropical rain forest and world atmosphere. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Symposium 101. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Preston, D. A. (1980). Environment, Society and Rural Change in Latin America: The Past, Present and Future in the Countryside. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Rachie, K. O. (1983). Intercropping tree legumes with annual crops. In Plant Research and Agroforestry (Ed. by Huxley, P. A.). Nairobi: International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF).Google Scholar
Ruthenberg, H. (1976). Farming Systems in the Tropics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A., Bandy, D. E., Villachica, H. & Nicholaides, J. J. (1982). Amazon basin soils: management for continuous crop production. Science 216:821–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanchez, P. A. & Benites, J. R. (1987). Low-input cropping for acid soils of the humid tropics. Science 238:1521–1527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmonds, N. W. (1986). A short review of farming systems research in the tropics. Experimental Agriculture 22:1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sioli, H. (1973). Recent human activities in the Brazilian Amazon region and their ecological effects. In Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review (Eds Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S. and Duckworth, W. D.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institutions.Google Scholar
Swaminathan, M. S. (1983). Our greatest challenge: feeding a hungry world. In Chemistry and World Food Supplies: Perspectives and Recommendations (Eds Bixler, G. and Shemilt, L. W.). Manila: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).Google Scholar
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) (1976). Soil Taxonomy, Soil Conservation Service Handbook 436. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Service.Google Scholar
Waller, P. P. (1984). The ecological handicap of the tropics. Intereconomics 19:137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, G. A. (1983). Development of mixed tree and food crop systems in the humid tropics: a response to population pressure and deforestation. Experimental Agriculture 16:311–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weischet, W. (1984). Agriculture in the humid tropics. Geograph, Rundschau. 36:343–376.Google Scholar
Williams, C. N., Chen, W. Y. & Rajaratnam, J. H. (1980). Tree and Field Crops of the Wetter Regions of the Tropics. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Wiersum, K. F. (1983). Tree gardening and taungya in Java: examples of agroforestry techniques in the humid tropics. Agroforestry Systems 1:53–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar