Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:51:24.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Long-term Comparison of the Agronomic Efficiency and Residual Benefits of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Tropical Lowland Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

K. G. Cassman ,
S. K. de Datta ,
S. T. Amarante ,
S. P. Liboon ,
M. I. Samson  and
M. A. Dizon
K. G. Cassman
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
S. K. de Datta
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
S. T. Amarante
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
S. P. Liboon
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
M. I. Samson
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
M. A. Dizon
Affiliation:
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Nitrogen efficiency from Azolla microphylla or Sesbania rostrata green manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizer-N was compared in two long-term experiments with irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Treatments included a control and each nitrogen source alone or in combinations that provided 50% of the total applied nitrogen from an organic and inorganic nitrogen source. All nitrogen sources were applied at equivalent nitrogen rates to 19–22 consecutive rice crops. Residual effects were assessed in two subsequent cropping seasons at one site. Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea. Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and greater extractable soil nitrogen in the vegetative growth period. After panicle initiation there was no residual effect on the rate of crop nitrogen accumulation, and final grain yields were similar regardless of previous nitrogen source. Recycling of rice straw appeared to have greater potential for reducing fertilizer-N requirements than use of green manure because rice straw is often a wasted resource in irrigated rice systems of the humid tropics, the efficiency of rice straw nitrogen in combination with prilled urea is comparable to green manure nitrogen, and the increase in soil nitrogen from rice straw was 50–150% greater than from green manure.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , October 1996 , pp. 427 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ali, M. & Narciso, J. H. (1994). Economic evaluation and farmer's perception of green manure use in rice-based farming systems. In Green Manure Production Systems for Asian Ricelands, 173–195 (Eds Ladha, J. K. and Garrity, D. P.). Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Becker, M., Ladha, J. K. & Ottow, J. C. G. (1994). Nitrogen losses and lowland rice yields as affected by residue nitrogen release. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58:1660–1665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, M., Ali, M., Ladha, J. K. & Ottow, J. C. G. (1995). Agronomic and economic evaluation of Sesbania rostrata green manure establishment in irrigated rice. Field Crops Research 40:135–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, J. M. & Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen-total. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, 595–624 (Ed. Page, A. L.). Madison, Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Broadbent, F. E. & Nakashima, T. (1970). Nitrogen immobilization in flooded soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 34:218–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buresh, R. J. & de Datta, S. K. (1991). Nitrogen dynamics and management in rice-legume cropping systems. Advances in Agronomy 45:59.Google Scholar
Buresh, R. J., Austin, E. R. & Craswell, E. T. (1982). Analytical methods in 15N research. Fertilizer Research 3:37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassman, K. G. & Pingali, P. L. (1995). Intensification of irrigated rice systems: learning from the past to meet future challenges. Geo journal 35:299–305.Google Scholar
Cassman, K. G., Kropff, M. J., Gaunt, J. & Peng, S. (1993). Nitrogen use efficiency of rice reconsidered: what are the key constraints? Plant and Soil 155/156:359–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassman, K. G., Kropff, M. J. & Yan, Zhende. (1994). A conceptual framework for nitrogen management of irrigated rice in high-yield environments. In Hybrid Rice Technology: New Developments and Future Prospects, 81–96 (Ed. Virmani, S. S.). Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Cassman, K. G., de Datta, S. K., Oik, D. C., Alcantara, J. M., Samson, M. I., Descalsota, J. P. & Dizon, M. (1995). Yield decline and the nitrogen economy of long-term experiments on continuous, irrigated rice systems in the tropics. In Soil Management: Experimental Basis for Sustainability and Environmental Quality, 181–222 (Eds Lal, R. and Steward, B. A.). Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis/CRC Publishers.Google Scholar
Cassman, K. G., Dobermann, A., Sta. Cruz, P. C., Gines, G. C., Samson, M. I., Descalsota, J. P., Alcantara, J. M., Dizon, M. A. & Olk, D. C. (1996). Soil organic matter and the indigenous nitrogen supply of intensive irrigated rice systems in the tropics. Plant and Soil (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Lizhi (1994). Use of green manures in China as agricultural systems commercialize. In Green Manure Production Systems for Asian Ricelands, 43–50 (Eds Ladha, J. K. and Garrity, D. P.). Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Craswell, E. T., De Datta, S. K., Weerararatne, C. S. & Vlek, P. L. G. (1985). Fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to wetland rice. I. The Philippines. Fertilizer Research 6:49–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Datta, S. K., Buresh, R. J., Samson, M. I. & Wang, Kai-Rong (1988). Nitrogen use-efficiency and nitrogen-15 balances in broadcast-seeded flooded and transplanted rice. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52:849–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diekmann, K. H., de Datta, S. K. & Ottow, J. C. G. (1993). Nitrogen uptake and recovery from urea and green manure in lowland rice measured by 15N and non-isotope techniques. Plant and Soil, 148:91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorich, R. A. & Nelson, D. W. (1984). Evaluation of manual cadmium reduction methods for determination of nitrate in potassium chloride extracts of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48:72–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaunt, J. L., Neue, H. U., Cassman, K. G., Olk, D. C., Arah, J. R. M., Witt, C., Ottow, J. C. G. & Grant, I. F. (1995). Microbial biomass and organic matter turnover in wetland rice soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils 19:333–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, M. (1988). Green manure in rice: the Japanese experience. In Sustainable Agriculture: Green Manure in Rice Farming, 45–61. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, D. S., Fox, R. H. & Rayner, J. H. (1985). Interactions between fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen —the so-called ‘priming’ effect. Journal of Soil Science 36:425–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumpkin, T. A. & Plucknett, D. L. (1982). Azolla as a Green Manure: Use and Management in Crop Production. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Morris, R. A., Furoc, R. E. & Dizon, M. A. (1986). Rice responses to a short-season green manure. II. N recovery and utilization. Agronomy Journal 78:413–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, D. W. & Sommers, L. E. (1975). A rapid and accurate procedure for estimation oforganic carbon in soils. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 84:456–464.Google Scholar
Olk, D. C., Cassman, K. C., Randall, E. W., Kinchesh, P., Sanger, L. J. & Anderson, J. M. (1996). Changes in chemical properties of soil organic matter with intensified rice cropping in tropical lowland rice soils. European Journal of Soil Science (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, S., Garcia, F. V., Gines, H. C., Laza, R. C., Samson, M. I., Sanico, A. L., Visperas, R. M. & Cassman, K. G. (1996). Comparison of fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of broadcast wet-seeded and transplanted rice in irrigated systems of the tropics. Fertilizer Research (in press).Google Scholar
Ponnamperuma, F. N. (1984). Straw as a source of nutrients for wetland rice. In Organic Matter and Rice, 117–136. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Ponnamperuma, F. N., Cayton, M. T. & Lantin, R. S. (1984). Dilute hydrochloric acid as an exlractant for available zinc, copper, and boron in rice soils. Plant and Soil 61:297–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roper, M. & Ladha, J. K. (1995). Biological nitrogen fixation by heterotropic and phototropic bacteria in association with straw. Plant and Soil (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosegrant, M. W. & Roumasset, J. A. (1988). Economic assessment of green manure in rice-based cropping systems. In Sustainable Agriculture: Green Manure and Rice Farming, 11–26. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Rosenani, A. B. & Azizah Chilian, H. (1992). Availability of nitrogen from 15N labelled Azolla pinnala and urea to flooded rice. Plant and Soil 143:153–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santiago-Ventura, T., Bravo, M., Daez, C., Ventura, W., Watanabe, I. & App, A. A. (1986). Effects of N fertilizers, straw and dry fallow on the nitrogen balance of a flooded soil planted with rice. Plant and Soil 93:405–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnier, H. F. (1994). Nitrogen-15 recovery fraction in flooded tropical rice as affected by added nitrogen interaction. European Journal of Agronomy 3:161–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, Y., Khind, C. S. & Singh, B. (1991). Efficient management of leguminous green manures in wetland rice systems. Advances in Agronomy 45:135–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, I., Padre, B. & Ramirez, C. (1991). Mineralization of Azolla N and its availability to wetland rice I. Nitrogen mineralization of different Azolla species as affected by their chemical composition. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 37:679–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westcott, M. P. & Mikkelsen, D. S. (1987). Comparison of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources for rice. Agronomy Journal 79:937–943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ventura, W. & Watanabe, I. (1993). Green manure production of Azolla microphylla and Sesbania rostrata and their long term effects on rice yields and soil fertility. Biology and Fertility of Soils 15:241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar