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INTEGRATED NUTRIENT–WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER MECHANISED DRY DIRECT SEEDING (DDS) IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUSTAINED SMALLHOLDER ADOPTION IN RAINFED LOWLAND RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2018

PHENG SENGXUA ,
TAMARA JACKSON ,
PHETSAMONE SIMALI ,
LEIGH K. VIAL ,
KHAMSOUK DOUANGBOUPHA ,
ELIZABETH CLARKE ,
DOME HARNPICHITVITAYA  and
LEN J. WADE
PHENG SENGXUA
Affiliation:
Land Management, National Agriculture & Forestry Research Institute, P.O. Box 7170, Vientiane, Lao PDR
TAMARA JACKSON
Affiliation:
Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, c/- NAFRI, P.O. Box 7170, Vientiane, Lao PDR
PHETSAMONE SIMALI
Affiliation:
Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Chaokeem Road, Savannakhet, Lao PDR
LEIGH K. VIAL
Affiliation:
Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Hanwood, NSW 2680, Australia
KHAMSOUK DOUANGBOUPHA
Affiliation:
Phone Ngam Rice Research and Seed Production Centre, Airport Road, Pakse, Lao PDR
ELIZABETH CLARKE
Affiliation:
Leuphana University, 21335 Luneburg, Germany
DOME HARNPICHITVITAYA
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ratcha Thani Road, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
LEN J. WADE*
Affiliation:
Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
*
†††Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

In rainfed lowland rice-based systems, increasing labour scarcity due to off-farm employment is encouraging farmers to switch from transplanting to dry direct seeding (DDS). To assure stable productivity at a level comparable with or superior to transplanting, DDS management must ensure rice seedlings have access to nutrients in order to be competitive with weeds, which must also be suppressed. This paper examined farmer perceptions of DDS using a farmer survey, and used on-farm experiments to examine responses of rainfed lowland rice to integrated nutrient–weed management, based around mechanised DDS. In the survey, weeds were the biggest problem faced by farmers in using DDS (61%). In 90% of cases, farmers reported that weeds had increased under DDS, with most farmers (78%) controlling weeds by hand. All farmers said they would use DDS in the following season (100%), due to labour savings (47%), timeliness of operations, improved productivity, low investment or a combination of these (44%). In on-farm experiments, banding nutrients with the seed at sowing enhanced early dry matter of rice, while early weed dry matter was reduced. Early weed control using ducklings or hand weeding reduced weed competition and increased rice growth, with ducklings providing additional yield benefits over hand weeding. Early increases in seedling vigour of rice, and in weed suppression, carried through to greater dry matter and yield of rice at maturity. Integrated nutrient–weed management in mechanised DDS increased DDS yields, reduced DDS yield variability and contributed to sustainability of DDS rice systems.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 55 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 509 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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