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Evolution of Grain Legumes. V. The Oilseeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

J. Smartt
J. Smartt
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Building 44, The University, Southampton SO9 5NH, England
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Summary

Although the groundnut and soyabean are not close taxonomic relatives they have a number of features in common. Both are polyploid (2n = 4x = 40 chromosomes) and have arisen from the domestication of wild polyploids. Polyploidy has occurred independently at least twice in the genus Arachis, while in Glycine the genus includes both tetraploids and octoploids, an unusually high ploidy level in a legume. Both crops are oilseeds although oil content varies widely between the two species, ±50% in groundnut and ±20% in the soyabean. The soyabean produces ±35% protein content of good quality whereas that of the groundnut is ±30% and less well balanced nutritionally. The soyabean originated in the Far East whereas the groundnut originated in the eastern Andes foothills (N.W. Argentina to S. Bolivia). The evolutionary changes under domestication in the soyabean are typical; the cultigen has become a compact, erect, self-supporting plant with reduced pod dehiscence and loss of seed dormancy. The evolutionary response pattern of the groundnut is similar but modified on account of its geocarpy. This necessitates the maintenance of adequate contact between basal branches of the plant and the soil for effective fruiting. Notwithstanding this, strongly ascending growth forms have become established. The greatest contrast between the two species is in photoperiod sensitivity; the groundnut is day-neutral while the soyabean is a short-day plant with genotypes varying widely in the day length tolerated without inhibition of flowering.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , October 1985 , pp. 305 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

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