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GAS EXCHANGE, GROWTH, YIELD AND BEVERAGE QUALITY OF COFFEA ARABICA CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON TO C. CANEPHORA AND C. CONGENSIS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2001

J. I. FAHL
Affiliation:
Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, CP 28, 13001-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
M. L. C. CARELLI
Affiliation:
Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, CP 28, 13001-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
H. C. MENEZES
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, DTA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6121, 13083–970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
P. B. GALLO
Affiliation:
Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, CP 28, 13001-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
P. C. O. TRIVELIN
Affiliation:
Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus de Piracicaba, CP 96, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Abstract

Gas exchange, leaf carbon isotope discrimination, growth, yield and beverage quality were evaluated for two Coffea arabica cultivars (Catuai and Mundo Novo), grafted on to C. canephora and C. congensis progenies growing in open fields. During the years 1994 to 1997, grafting resulted in an average increase in bean yield of 151 and 89% for Catuai and Mundo Novo respectively. As analysed by sensory analyses and by the ratio between the mono-isomers and di-isomers of caffeoylquinic acid, beverage quality of the C. arabica was not altered by grafting. Shoot growth was significantly greater in grafted plants, showing an increase of 52% in total leaf area compared with the non-grafted plants. Under conditions of water excess in the soil there was little difference in the transpiration and stomatal conductance rates between the grafted and non-grafted plants, but the net photosynthesis was higher in grafted plants. With an accentuated water deficit in the soil in the dry period, the grafted plants showed significantly higher transpiration and stomatal conductance rates than the non-grafted plants, and similar values to those of C. canephora. Carbon isotope discrimination was greater in the grafted plants, suggesting greater root hydraulic conductance. The results suggest that the better performance of the grafted plants during the dry period was due to the greater capacity of the root system of C. canephora to provide water to the shoot thereby maintaining greater gas exchange in the leaves and consequently a greater carbon gain.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2001 Cambridge University Press

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