Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:36:25.410Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Scottish higher education and the Scottish parliament: the consequences of mistaken national identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2009

Abstract

The creation of a Scottish parliament in 1999 will crystallize a cultural crisis for Scottish higher education. Scottish universities retained their autonomy after the 18th-century union between Scotland and England because the union was about high politics rather than the affairs of civil society and culture. Unlike in England, the universities developed in close relationship with Scottish agencies of the state during the 19th century, and these agencies also built up a system of non-university higher education colleges. In the 20th century, the universities (and later some of the colleges) sought to detach themselves from Scottish culture and politics, favouring instead a common British academic network. So the new constitutional settlement faces Scottish higher education institutions with an enforced allegiance to the Scottish nation that will sharply disrupt their 80-year interlude as outposts of the British polity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Scott, P. (1990) Knowledge and Nation (Edinburgh: University Press) pp. 15.Google Scholar
2.Cerych, L. and Sabatier, P. (1986) Great Expectations and Mixed Performance: the Implementation of Higher Education Reforms in Europe (Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books) pp. 235236.Google Scholar
3.Berdahl, R. O. (1959) British Universities and State (London: Cambridge University Press) p. 184.Google Scholar
4.Berdahl, R. O. (1990) Academic freedom, autonomy and accountability in British universities. Studies in Higher Education, 15, 169180.Google Scholar
5.Neave, G. (1998) Growing pains: the Dearing Report from a European perspective. Higher Education Quarterly, 52, 118136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Tapper, E. R. and Salter, B. G. (1993) The changing idea of university autonomy. Studies in Higher Education, 20, 5971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Trow, M. (1996) Trust, markets, and accountability in higher education: a comparative perspective. In The Thirtieth Anniversary Seminars (Guildford: Society for Research into Higher Education) pp. 6580.Google Scholar
8.Hirst, P. and Thompson, G. (1996) Globalisation in Question (Cambridge: Polity).Google Scholar
9.Hobsbawm, E. (1990) Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
10.Nairn, T. (1997) Sovereignty after the election. New Left Review, no.224, 318.Google Scholar
11.Fry, M. (1987) Patronage and Principle (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press).Google Scholar
12.McCrone, D. (1992) Understanding Scotland (London: Routledge).Google Scholar
13.Paterson, L. (1994) The Autonomy of Modern Scotland (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
14.Bulpitt, J. (1983) Territory and Power in the United Kingdom (Manchester: Manchester University Press).Google Scholar
15.Phillipson, N. T. (1969) Nationalism and ideology. In Government and Nationalism in Scotland, edited by Wolfe, J. N. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) pp. 167188.Google Scholar
16.Sher, R. B. (1985) Church and University in the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
17.Nairn, T. (1981) The Break-Up of Britain (London: Verso).Google Scholar
18.Colley, L. (1992) Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
19.Checkland, S. and Checkland, O. (1984) Industry and Ethos: Scotland, 1832–1914 (London: Edward Arnold).Google Scholar
20.Finlay, R. (1997) A Partnership for Good? (Edinburgh: John Donald).Google Scholar
21.Morris, R. J. (1990) Scotland: 1830–1914: the making of a nation within a nation. In People and Society in Scotland, vol. II, 1830–1914, edited by Fraser, W. H. and Morris, R. J. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp 17.Google Scholar
22.Anderson, R. D. (1992) Universities and Elites in Britain since 1800 (London: Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Robertson, P. (1984) Scottish universities and Scottish industry, 1860–1914. Scottish Economic and Social History, IV, 3954.Google Scholar
24.Sanderson, M. (1972) The Universities and British Industry, 1850–1970 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).Google Scholar
25.Wiener, M. (1981) English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
26.Brown, C. G. (1987) The Social History of Religion in Scotland, 1780–1914 (London, Methuen).Google Scholar
27.Paterson, L. (1997) Policy making in Scottish education: a case of pragmatic nationalism. In Education in Scotland, edited by Munn, P. and Clark, M. (London: Routledge) pp. 138155.Google Scholar
28.Macinnes, J. (1992) The press in Scotland. Scottish Affairs, no.1, 137149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Macinnes, J. (1993) The broadcast media in Scotland. Scottish Affairs, no.2, 8498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.McCrone, D. (1992) Towards a principled elite: Scottish elites in the twentieth century. In People and Society in Scotland, vol. III, 1914–1990, edited by Dickson, A. and Treble, J. H. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 174200.Google Scholar
31.Craig, C. (1996) Out of History (Edinburgh: Polygon).Google Scholar
32.Shattock, M. (1994) The UG and the Management of British Universities (Guildford: Society for Research into Higher Education) p. 154Google Scholar
33.Harvie, C. (1998) Scotland and Nationalism, third edition (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
34.Mitchell, J. (1996) Strategies for Self Government (Edinburgh: Polygon).Google Scholar
35.Commission on the Constitution (1973) Report (London: HMSO) Cmnd 5460.Google Scholar
36.Lynch, P. (1998) From disaster to devolution: reinventing and reorganising the Scottish Conservatives.Paper presented to annual conference of Political Studies Association,Keele,7–9 April.Google Scholar
37. Surridge, P., Paterson, L., Brown, A., and McCrone, D. (1998) The Scottish electorate and the Scottish parliament. In Paterson, L. (Ed), Understanding Constitutional Change, special issue of Scottish Affairs, pp. 3860.Google Scholar
38.Paterson, L. (1998) The Scottish parliament and Scottish civil society: which side will education be on? Political Quarterly, 69, pp. 224233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Beveridge, C. and Turnbull, R. (1989) The Eclipse of Scottish Culture (Edinburgh: Polygon).Google Scholar
40.Brown, A., McCrone, D. and Paterson, L. (1998) Politics and Society in Scotland, second edn (London: Macmillan).Google Scholar
41.Paterson, L. (1997) Autonomy and assimilation in modern Scottish culture. Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, 9, 4758.Google Scholar
42.Brown, A., McCrone, D., Paterson, L. and Surridge, P. (1998) The Scottish Electorate: the 1997 General Election and Beyond (London: Macmillan).Google Scholar
43.Crick, B. (Ed) (1991) National Identities: the Constitution of the United Kingdom (Oxford: Blackwell).Google Scholar
44.Anderson, R. D. (1992) The Scottish university tradition: past and future. In Scottish Universities: Distinctiveness and Diversity, edited by Carter, J. J. and Withrington, D. J. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 6778.Google Scholar
45.Withrington, D. J. (1988) Schooling, literacy and society. In People and Society in Scotland, vol. I, 1760–1830, edited by Devine, T. M. and Mitchison, R. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 163187.Google Scholar
46.Shepherd, C. (1992) A national system of university education in seventeenth-century Scotland? In Scottish Universities: Distinctiveness and Diversity, edited by Carter, J. J. and Withrington, D. J. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 2639.Google Scholar
47.Carter, J. J. and Withrington, D. J. (1992) Introduction. In Scottish Universities: Distinctiveness and Diversity, edited by Carter, J. J. and Withrington, D. J. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 114Google Scholar
48. Neave, G. (1982) The changing boundary between the state and higher education. European Journal of Education, 17, 232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Gellert, C., (Ed) (1992) Higher Education in Europe (London: Jessica Kingsley).Google Scholar
50.Eustace, R., (1994) University autonomy: the 80s and after. Higher Education Quarterly, 48, 86117.Google Scholar
51.Hutchison, I. G. C. (1993) The University and the State: the Case of Aberdeen, 1860–1963 (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press) p. 26.Google Scholar
52.Hargreaves, J. D. (1994) Academe and Empire: Some Overseas Connections of Aberdeen University, 1860–1970 (Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press).Google Scholar
53.Ashby, E. (1966) Universities: British, Indian, African (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson).Google Scholar
54.Neave, G. (1982) The changing boundary between the state and higher education. European Journal of Education, 17, 231241.Google Scholar
55.Clark, B. (1979) The many pathways of academic coordination. Higher Education, 8, 251267.Google Scholar
56.Halsey, A. H. (1992) The Decline of Donnish Dominion (Oxford: Clarendon).Google Scholar
57.Kogan, M. (1975) Educational Policy Making (London: Allen and Unwin).Google Scholar
58.Scott, P. (1989) The power ideas. In Higher Education into the 1990s, edited by Ball, C. and Eggins, H. (Guildford: Society for Research into Higher Education).Google Scholar
59.Tapper, E. R. and Salter, B. G. (1995) The changing idea of university autonomy. Studies in Higher Education, 20, 5971.Google Scholar
60.Hutchison, I. G. C. (1992) The Scottish Office and the Scottish universities, C.1930–C.1960. In Scottish Universities: Distinctiveness and Diversity, edited by Carter, J. J. and Withrington, D. J. (Edinburgh: John Donald) pp. 5666.Google Scholar
61.Davie, G. E. (1986) The Crisis of the Democratic Intellect (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
62.Walker, A. L. (1994) The Revival of the Democratic Intellect (Edinburgh: Polygon).Google Scholar
63.Paterson, L. (1993) Regionalism among entrants to higher education from Scottish schools. Oxford Review of Education, 19, 231255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Rees, G. and Istance, D. (1997) Higher education in Wales: the (re)emergence of a national system? Higher Education Quarterly, 51, 4967.Google Scholar
65.Cormack, R., Gallagher, A. and Osborne, R. (1997) Higher education participation in Northern Ireland. Higher Education Quarterly, 51, 6885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Anderson, R. D. (1995) Education and the Scottish People, 1750–1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
67.Archer, M. (1984) Social Origins of Education Systems, university edition (London: Sage) p. 145.Google Scholar
68.Bell, R. E. (1969) Home rule and the Scottish universities. In Government and Nationalism in Scotland, edited by Wolfe, J. N. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) pp. 108120Google Scholar
69.Walsh, W. H. (1969) Discussion of paper by R. E. Bell. In Government and Nationalism in Scotland, edited by Wolfe, J. N. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) pp. 120122Google Scholar
70.Kirk, G. (1998) The Scottish Tertiary Education Advisory Council. Ph.D. thesis, Open University.Google Scholar
71.Mitchell, A. and Thomson, G. (Eds) Higher Education in Scotland, Unit for the Study of Government in Scotland, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
72.Davie, G. E. (1961) The Democratic Intellect (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
73.Anderson, R. D. (1983) Education and Opportunity in Victorian Scotland (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).Google Scholar
74.Withrington, D. J. (1992) The Scottish universities: living traditions? Old problems renewed? In Scottish Government Yearbook, edited by Paterson, L. and McCrone, D., Unit for the Study of Government in Scotland, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, pp. 131141.Google Scholar
75.Beveridge, C. and Turnbull, R. (1989) The Eclipse of Scottish Culture: Inferiorism and the Intellectuals (Edinburgh: Polygon).Google Scholar
76.Scottish Centre for Economic and Social Research (1989) Scottish Education: a Declaration of Principles (Edinburgh).Google Scholar
77.Duffy, J. (1990) Scottish autonomy and the Scottish universities. Radical Scotland, no.45, 1819.Google Scholar
78.Wojtas, O. (Ed) (1998) Higher Education and a Scottish Parliament (Edinburgh: Association of University Teachers (Scotland)).Google Scholar
79.de Espinosa, E. Lamo (1993) The Spanish university in transition. In Higher Education in Europe, edited by Gellert, C., (London: Jessica Kingsley) pp. 8496.Google Scholar
80.Scott, P. (1984) Scottish higher education regained: accident or design? Scottish Affairs, no.7, 6885.Google Scholar
81.Scott, P. (1998) The higher education system that Scotland needs. Scottish Affairs, no.22, 8598.Google Scholar
82.The Herald, 25 07 1997, p. 9.Google Scholar
83.Crawford, R. (Ed.) (1997) A Future for Scottish Higher Education (Glasgow: Committee of Scottish Higher Education Principals).Google Scholar
84.Paterson, L. (1998) Higher education, social capital and the Scottish parliament. Scottish Affairs, no.22, 99111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85.National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education (1997) Report of the Scottish Committee (London: HMSO).Google Scholar
86.Rhodes, R. A. W. (1997) Understanding Governance (Buckingham: Open University Press).Google Scholar
87.Raab, C. D. (1992) Taking networks seriously: education policy in Britain. European Journal of Political Research, 21, 6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88.Ranson, S. (1994) Towards the Learning Society (London: Cassell) pp. 103104.Google Scholar