Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:45:57.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Melancholia, Migration, and Mise en Scène. Comparing Else Lasker-Schüler and Emine Sevgi Özdamar

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2011

Anke Gilleir*
Affiliation:
Arts, K.U. Leuven, Blijde Inkomststraat 21-3311, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In what follows I am interested in how two German authors deal with ‘community melancholia’: Else Lasker-Schüler (1869–1945), a German-Jewish poet and performer, and Emine Sevgi Özdamar (1946–), a Turkish-German author and actress who belongs to the so-called ‘new German literature’ or migrants’ literature. Although both authors belong to different periods in German history, from the point of view of national identity, striking similarities exist in the historical intellectual discourse that surrounds German-Jewish literature during the first decades of the 20th century on the one hand and contemporary migrants’ literature on the other. I will focus on the function of theatricality in the work of both authors as a literary device that replies to or complies with the imperative of being part of a clearly defined culture or nation.

Type
Risks, Environment and Sustainable Development – Papers from the 2009 Academia Europaea Meeting in Naples
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References and Notes

1.Freud, S. (2001) Mourning and Melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol XIV (London: Vintage), pp. 237258, 249.Google Scholar
2.Freud, S. (2001) Mourning and Melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol XIV (London: Vintage), p. 243.Google Scholar
3.Freud, S. (2001) Mourning and Melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol XIV (London: Vintage), p. 247.Google Scholar
4.Butler, J. (1997) The Psychic Life of Power. Theories in Subjection (Stanford: Stanford University Press), pp. 132150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Heigh, S. (2006) Migration and melancholia: from Kristeva's ‘Depression nationale’ to Pineau's ‘Maladie de l'exil’. French Studies: A Quarterly Review, 60(2), p. 236 f.Google Scholar
6.Heigh, S. (2006) Migration and melancholia: from Kristeva's ‘Depression nationale’ to Pineau's ‘Maladie de l'exil’. French Studies: A Quarterly Review, 60(2), pp. 234237.Google Scholar
7.Liska, V. (2009) When Kafka Says We. Uncommon Communities in German-Jewish Literature (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press), p. 4.Google Scholar
8.Morris, L. (2010) Placing and displacing Jewish studies: notes on the future of a field. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 125(3), p. 765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. See Chiellino, C. (2000) Interkulturelle Literatur in Deutschland (Stuttgart-Weimar: J.B. Metzler Verlag), pp. 51–62; L. Adelson (2005) The Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature: Toward a New Critical Grammar of Migration (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); T. Cheesman (2007) Novels of Turkish German Settlement. Cosmopolite Fictions (Rochester, New York: Camden House), pp. 82–97.Google Scholar
10.Bauschinger, S. (1980) Else Lasker-Schüler. Ihr Werk und ihre Zeit (Heidelberg: Lothar Stiehm Verlag), 225, 236 f.Google Scholar
11.Özdamar, E. (2003) Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 9.Google Scholar
12.Özdamar, E. (2003) Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 58.Google Scholar
13. For an informed and nuanced analysis of the orientalist discourse in Germany, see: Kontje, T. (2004) German Orientalisms (Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press), pp. 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Özdamar, E. (2003) Seltsame Sterne starren zur Erde (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 13.Google Scholar
15. Quoted in Baioni, Giulio (1994) Kafka Literatur und Judentum (Stuttgart: Metzler Verlag), p. 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Weigel, S. (2006) Genea-Logik. Generation, Tradition und Evolution zwischen Kultur- und Naturwissenschaften (München: Wilhelm Fink), pp. 178179.Google Scholar
17. Quoted in Kristeva, J. (2001) Hannah Arendt (New York: Columbia University Press), p. 88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Kristeva, J. (2001) Hannah Arendt (New York: Columbia University Press), p. 88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. For an extensive and detailed overview see: Gelber, M. (2000) Melancholy Pride: Nation, Race, and Gender in the German Literature of Cultural Zionism (Tübingen: Niemeyer); A. Herzig (2002) Jüdische Geschichte in Deutschland (München: C.H. Beck), 220 f.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. An impressive number of periodicals devoted to Jewish culture or diverse interests has been digitalized: www.compactmemory.deGoogle Scholar
21. ‘So wollen wir auch jüdisches Leben preisen, nicht wie es heute ist, sondern wie es sein soll und schon zu werden beginnt. Wir verstehen darunter ein selbstbewusstes, innerlich gefestigtes und geheiligtes, treues und fruchtbares Leben, das auf dem Boden eines schönen Menschentums und einer stiellen Arbeit für allgemeinen Kulturfortschritt die gute Eigenart unserer Rasse entfaltet. Ost und West. Illustrierte Monatsschrift für Modernes Judentum, I, 1901, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
22. ‘Den Kampf gegen die armselige Episode ‘Assimilation’, der zuletzt in ein wortreiches Geplänkel ausgeartet ist, soll ein Kampf gegen die tiefere und mächtigere Zerstörungskräfte ablösen.’ Buber, M. (1901) Jüdische Renaissance Ost und West. Illustrierte Monatsschrift für Modernes Judentum, I, p. 9.Google Scholar
23. ‘[…] mit der Zeit wird, so hoffe ich, ein positives, festgefügtes Aktionsprogramm hervorgehen. Nicht das Programm einer Partei, sondern das ungeschriebene Programm einer Bewegung.’ Buber, M. (1901) Jüdische Renaissance Ost und West. Illustrierte Monatsschrift für Modernes Judentum, I, p. 9.Google Scholar
24.Senocak, Z. and Tulay, B. (1990) Germany, a home for Turks? A plea for overcoming the crisis between Orient and Occident. In Atlas of a Tropical Germany. Essays on Politics and Culture, 1990–1998 (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press), p. 2.Google Scholar
25.Arendt, H. (1944) The Jew as pariah: a hidden tradition. Jewish Social Studies, 6, p. 121.Google Scholar
26.Arendt, H. (1944) The Jew as pariah: a hidden tradition. Jewish Social Studies, 6, p. 3.Google Scholar
27. See Cheesman, T. (2004) Talking ‘Kanak’: Zaimoglu contra Leitkultur. New German Critique, 92, p. 94.Google Scholar
28.Arendt, H. (1944) Concerning Minorities, Contemporary Jewish Record, 7(4), p. 353 (In her essay Arendt speaks of national minorities striving for territorial autonomy.).Google Scholar
29.Zaimoglu, F. (1995) Kanak Sprak 24 Mistöne vom Rande der Gesellschaft (Hamburg: Rotbuch), p. 10.Google Scholar
30. Quoted in Bronsen, D. (1979) The Jew in search of a Fatherland: the relationship of Joseph Roth to the Habsburg Monarchy. The Germanic Review, 54(2), p. 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Schönfeld, J. (1918) Die deutsche Juden und Palästina. Freie Zeitung, 17 April 1918, p. 1.Google Scholar
32.Arendt, H. (1944) The Jew as pariah: a hidden tradition. Jewish Social Studies, 6, p. 100.Google Scholar
33.Zaimoglu, F. (1995) Kanak Sprak 24 Mistöne vom Rande der Gesellschaft (Hamburg: Rotbuch), p. 18.Google Scholar
34.Craig, G.A. (1989) Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1945. Vom Norddeutschen Bund bis zum Ende des Dritten Reiches (München: Beck), p. 294.Google Scholar
35.Ellbogen, J. and Sterling, E. (1988) Die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland (Frankfurt: Athenäum), p. 281 f.Google Scholar
36. s.n. (1914) Der Krieg als Lehrmeister. Ost und West, 9(xiv), p. 1.Google Scholar
37.Kermani, N. (2005) Strategie der Eskalation. Der nahe Osten und die Politik des Westens (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag), p. 35.Google Scholar
38.Kermani, N. (2005) Strategie der Eskalation. Der nahe Osten und die Politik des Westens (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag), p. 35.Google Scholar
39.Liska, V. (2009) When Kafka Says We. Uncommon Communities in German-Jewish Literature (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press), p. 17.Google Scholar
40.Zaimoglu, F. (1997) Abschaum. Die wahre Geschichte des Ertan Ongun (Hamburg: Rotbuch), p. 183.Google Scholar
41.Brod, M. (1917) Unsere Literaten und die Gemeinschaft. Der Jude, I, pp. 457464.Google Scholar
42.Bauschinger, S. (1980) Else Lasker-Schüler. Ihr Werk und ihre Zeit (Heidelberg: Lothar Stiehm Verlag), pp. 257262.Google Scholar
43.Weber, S. (2004) Theatricality as Medium (New York: Fordham University Press), p. 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Kermani, N. (2005) Strategie der Eskalation. Der nahe Osten und die Politik des Westens (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag), p. 84.Google Scholar
45.Özdamar, E. (1998) Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 128.Google Scholar
46.Özdamar, E. (1998) Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 322.Google Scholar
47.Özdamar, E. (1998) Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch), p. 199.Google Scholar
48.Brecht, B. (1963) Schriften zum Theater 4 (1933-1947) (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag), p. 12.Google Scholar
49.Brecht, B. (1963) Schriften zum Theater 4 (1933-1947) (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag), p. 17.Google Scholar
50. For a survey of the Özdamar reception see: Minnaard, L. (2008) New Germans, New Dutch. Literary Interventions (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press), pp. 6971.Google Scholar
51.Weber, S. (2004) Theatricality as Medium (New York: Fordham University Press), p. 36 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Brecht, B. (1963) Schriften zum Theater 4 (1933-1947) (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag), p. 12.Google Scholar
53. See for example: McGowan, (2000) The Bridge of the Golden Horn. Instanbul, Europe and ‘the fractured gaze from the West’ in Turkish Writing in Germany. Yearbook of European Studies, 15, p. 66.Google Scholar
54.Webber, A. (2006) Inside out: acts of displacement in Else Lasker-Schüler. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory, 81(2), pp. 143162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55. Quoted in: Decker, K. (2009) Mein Herz, Niemandem: das Leben der Else Lasker-Schüler (Berlin: Propyläen Verlag), p. 200.Google Scholar
56.Bauschinger, S. (1980) Else Lasker-Schüler. Ihr Werk und ihre Zeit (Heidelberg: Lothar Stiehm Verlag), p. 125.Google Scholar
57.Brecht, B. (1994) Journale. Groβe kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe Vol. 26 (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp), p. 122.Google Scholar
58.Webber, A. (2006) Inside out: acts of displacement in Else Lasker-Schüler. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory, 81(2), pp. 144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59. Vivian Liska also considers the oriental scene of the novel as a form of ‘Verfremdung’ ‘aimed at increasing critical awareness of existing conditions in her own time and place’ (V. Liska (2009) When Kafka Says We. Uncommon Communities in German-Jewish Literature (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press), p. 80).Google Scholar
60. See for example: Efron, J.M. (2005) Orientalism and the jewish historical gaze. I.D. Kalmar and D.J. Penslar (eds) Orientalism and the Jews (Lebanon NH: Brandeis University Press), pp. 8093.Google Scholar
61.Weber, S. (2004) Theatricality as Medium (New York: Fordham University Press), p. 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Lasker Schüler, E. (1998) Die Nächte Tino von Bagdads. Werke und Briefe 3.1 (Frankfurt: Jüdischer Verlag), p. 80.Google Scholar
63.Lasker Schüler, E. (1998) Die Nächte Tino von Bagdads. Werke und Briefe 3.1 (Frankfurt: Jüdischer Verlag), p. 77.Google Scholar
64. In her analysis Liska tries to retrieve some meaning from Lasker-Schüler's designed language (V. Liska (2009) When Kafka Says We. Uncommon Communities in German-Jewish Literature (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press), p. 84).Google Scholar
65.Lasker Schüler, E. (1998) Die Nächte Tino von Bagdads. Werke und Briefe 3.1 (Frankfurt: Jüdischer Verlag), p. 69.Google Scholar
66.Derrida, J. (1992) The Other Heading. Reflection's on Today's Europe (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press), p. 9.Google Scholar