Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T17:26:48.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Kosovo: The International Community's European Project

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2012

Anita McKinna*
Affiliation:
School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Victoria 3010, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article is about the post-war governance of Kosovo and the contradiction posed by the focus on multi-ethnicity on the one hand, and the development of a new Kosovar identity that transcends ethnicity on the other. Post-war Kosovo represents a bold experiment by the international community to create a society that adheres to European standards. The international administration has based its post-war reconstruction and governance of Kosovo on standards aimed at EU accession. To this end, since 1999 the international administration in Kosovo has pursued multi-ethnicity as a panacea. Far from creating the conditions conducive to greater inter-ethnic integration, the policies enacted supposedly in the name of multi-ethnicity have resulted in the further entrenchment of ethnic division. At the same time, the international administration has promoted a new Kosovo identity that transcends ethnicity and that fits with European standards. This article questions the international administration's approach in governing post-war Kosovo with the ultimate goal of EU accession. It argues that this approach has failed both in creating a more multi-ethnic society and in creating a new identity that is embraced by the people of Kosovo. This situation in turn raises questions as to whether there is a genuine will from the people of Kosovo to fulfil such standards, and therefore whether the goal of EU integration for Kosovo is a realistic one.

Type
Focus: Complexities of ‘Europe’
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References and Notes

1. The term ‘European standards’ is put in quotation marks as it denotes the international administration's use of the term rather than a set of standards that are accepted or recognised as such.Google Scholar
2.Kymlicka, W. (1996) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford: Clarendon), pp. 11, 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. United Nations Mission in Kosovo (2003), Standards for Kosovo, Pristina, 10 December, 2.Google Scholar
5. EULEX, Mission Statement, available from http://www.eulex-kosovo.eu/?id=2, accessed 25 February 2010.Google Scholar
6.Thaçi, H. (2008) Speech to United Nations Security Council. New York.Google Scholar
7. Available from http://www.eulex-kosovo.eu/?id=17, accessed 1 March 2010.Google Scholar
8. Available from http://www.kosovo-young.com, accessed 16 February 2010.Google Scholar
9.United Nations Mission in Kosovo (2001), Launch of Public Awareness Campaign on Education, 16 August 2001 (UNMIK/PR/630a).Google Scholar
10. Author's interview with Dukagjin Pupovci, Director, Kosovo Education Center, Pristina, November 2007.Google Scholar
11. Author's interview with Johan Axander, Representative, OSCE, Pristina, November 2007.Google Scholar
12. Author's interview with Kim Vetting, Program Manager for Return of Minority Communities, United Nations Development Program, Pristina, November 2007.Google Scholar
13. Author's interview with Serb representative from NGO, north Mitrovica, November 2007.Google Scholar
14.Koha Ditore (2005) Nowicki kërkon prej Qeverise kurse në shqip për mjestarët e minoriteteve. Koha Ditore, 29 April, p. 3.Google Scholar
15.International Crisis Group (2007) Kosovo: No Good Alternatives to the Ahtisaari Plan. Europe Report no.182, 14 May, p. i.Google Scholar
16.United Nations Security Council, (2007) The Comprehensive Proposal for Kosovo Status Settlement: Report of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Kosovo's Future Status, 26 March (S/2007/168), Annex III, Article 4.1.3. Annex III, Article 11.1.Google Scholar
17.Koha Ditore (2006) Koha Për Zgjim Nga Gjumi. Koha Ditore, 4 January, p. 2.Google Scholar
18.Humanitarian Law Center (2006) Ethnic Communities in Kosovo in 2006. pp. 124, 203.Google Scholar
19.Epoka e Re (2004) SHVUÇK: Projekti i decentralizimet është vazhdimësi e politikës së Millosheviqit. Epoka e Re, 27 July, p. 7.Google Scholar
20.Lani, B. (2004) LKÇK: Rezoluta 1244, rruga që Kosovën e çon në humnerë. Epoka e Re, 29 December, p. 5.Google Scholar
21.B92 (2005) Čović: razgovora o statusu više ne uslovljava standardi. B92, 9 August, p. 5.Google Scholar
22.Vetëvendosje (2008) Opposing decentralization in Stanishor. Newsletter no. 92, 28 April.Google Scholar
23.Vetëvendosje (2008) Organizing against ethnic decentralization. Newsletter no. 91, 21 April.Google Scholar
24.Syla, G., Miftari, Z. (2006) Plani për Mitrovicën, zhgënjyes për shqiptarët në veri. Koha Ditore, 21 April, p. 1.Google Scholar
25.United Nations High Commission for Refugees (2007) Voluntary Minority Returns from Internal and External Displacement. Pristina, October.Google Scholar
26.Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo (2007) Seventh Annual Report, 2006–2007. Pristina, p. 43.Google Scholar
27.United Nations Security Council (2008) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, 24 November (S/2008/692), p. 16, paragraph 19.Google Scholar
28.International Crisis Group (2007) Return to Uncertainty: Kosovo's Internally Displaced and the Returns Process. Balkans Report no. 139. Pristina, Brussels, 14 May, pp.11, 10, 13.Google Scholar
29.CDA Collaborative Learning Projects (2006) Has Peacebuilding made a Difference in Kosovo? A Study of the Effectiveness of Peacebuilding in Preventing Violence: Lessons Learned from the March 2004 Riots in Kosovo. Pristina, p. xi.Google Scholar
30.Kurti, A. (2005) Status of Kosova and the Self-Determination! Movement (Pristina: Vetëvendosje), p. 3.Google Scholar
31.Norwegian Helsinki Committee (2007) Second-Class Minorities: The Continued Marginalization of RAE Communities in Kosovo (Oslo: Norwegian Helsinki Committee), p. 5.Google Scholar
32. Author's interview with Julie Chadbourne, Researcher, Human Rights Watch, Pristina, March 2006.Google Scholar
33.Refugees International (2005) Kosovo: Lead Pollution Requires Immediate Evacuation of Roma Camps, 15 July.Google Scholar
34.International Crisis Group (2008) Kosovo's First Month, Europe Briefing no. 47, Pristina, Belgrade, Brussels, 18 March, p. 4.Google Scholar
35.Clinton, R. (2008) Making Sense of the Absurd. Pristina, Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, 11 June, available from http://balkaninsight.com/en/main/comment/10924, accessed 10 February 2009.Google Scholar
36.Vetëvendosje (2008) The next step in erasing Albanian identity. Newsletter no. 85, 10 March.Google Scholar
37.UNMIK Office of European Integration (2006) Kosovo Action Plan for the Implementation of European Partnership, Pristina, August, p. 9.Google Scholar
38.Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (2008) Life in Kosovo debates Kosovo's diplomacy. Pristina Insight, 17–30 October.Google Scholar
39.United Nations Mission in Kosovo (2005) Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government, 15 May (UNMIK/REG/2001/9).Google Scholar
40.United Nations Security Council (2004) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, 17 November (S/2004/907), p. 8, paragraph 10.Google Scholar
41.Commission of the European Communities (2008) Kosovo (Under UNSC 1244.99) 2008 Progress Report No. 674, Brussels, 5 November, p. 11.Google Scholar
42.Assembly of Kosovo (2006) Law No. 02/L-37 on the Use of Languages, Pristina, 27 July.Google Scholar
43.Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo (2007) Seventh Annual Report, 2006–2007, Pristina, p. 27.Google Scholar
44.Isufi, P. (2007) Shtohen kërcënimet ndaj serbëve të Kosovës që duan të votojnë në zgjedhet e 17 nënforit. Zëri, 1 November, p. 5.Google Scholar