Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:28:08.344Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Japan in Europe and Sweden

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2009

Abstract

Until Japan opened its shores in the 1850s, images of Japan in Europe were meagre and long outdated. In Sweden, attitudes to Japan have been heavily influenced by the writings of Carl Peter Thunberg from 1793 and by the lack of imperial traditions as well as the strong national respect for equality

Type
Focus: Japan and Europe
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.The Book of Ser Marco Polo, translated and edited by SirYule, Henry (London, 1921), 2: 253f.Google Scholar
2.Japan und Europa, 1543–1929 (1993) Eine Ausstellung der ‘43. Berliner Festwochen’ im Martin-Gropius-Bau Berlin (Berlin: Argon Verlag), 661 pp.Google Scholar
3.Wilkinson, E. (1981) Misunderstanding: Europe vs. Japan (Tokyo: Chuokoron-sha).Google Scholar
4.Wilkinson, E. (1981) Misunderstanding: Europe vs. Japan (Tokyo: Chuokoron-sha)., 28.Google Scholar
5.Cooper, M. (ed) (1965) They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543–1640 (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press), 229.Google Scholar
6.Wilkinson, , Misunderstanding, pp. 2426.Google Scholar
7. Quoted in Wilkinson, , Misunderstanding, pp. 2426., 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Edström, B. (1996) Exotism och modernitet: Den svenska japanbilden efter andra världskriget [Exoticism and modernity: The Swedish image of Japan after the Second World War], Center for Pacific Asia Studies at Stockholm University, Working Paper 42.Google Scholar
9. [Tore Frängsmyr] (1991) ‘Encyklopedi’ [Encyclopaedia]. In Nationalencyklopedin [Tahe National Encyclopaedia] (Höganäs: Bokförlaget Bra Böcker), 5: 477.Google Scholar
10.Kunskapens bok [The Book of Knowledge] (1955) (Stockholm: Natur och Kultur), 4: 1834.Google Scholar
11.Gyllensvärd, B. (1980) ‘Förord’ [Preface]. In Miniatyrhantverkets mästare [Masters of Miniature Handicrafts]. Östasiatiska museets utställningskatalog nr 32 (Stockholm: Östasiatiska museet), 3.Google Scholar
12.Willman, O. E. (1667) En kort beskrivning på en resa till Ostindien och Japan den en svensk man och skeppskapiten, Olof Eriksson Willman benämnd, gjort haver [A brief account of a travel to East India and Japan made by a Swedish man and captain named Olof Eriksson Willman], edited and commented by Bernström, John and Wretö, Tore (Stockholm: Bokförlaget T. Fischer & Co., 1992).Google Scholar
13.Spegel, H. (1685) Guds Werk och Hwila [God's labour and rest]. In Samlade skrifter av Haquin Spegel [Collected Works by Haquin Spegel]. Published by Bernt Olsson and Barbro Nilsson (Stockholm: Svenska Vitterhetssamfundet, 1998), 1: 122, 161.Google Scholar
14.Nyman, M. (1994) Upplysningens spegel: Götheborgs Allehanda om Frankrike och världen 1774–1789 [The Mirror of the Enlightenment: The Götheborgs Allehanda on France and the World, 1774–1789] (Stockholm: Atlantis), 184.Google Scholar
15.Thunberg, C. P. (17881793) Resa uti Europa, Africa, Asia, förrättad åren 1770–1779 [A Journey Through Europe, Africa, and Asia Performed in the Years 1770–1779] (Upsala).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Steenstrup, C. (1979) ‘A Gustavian Swede in Tanuma Okitsugu's Japan: Marginal Notes to Carl Peter Thunberg's Travelogue’, The Journal of Intercultural Studies, 6, 25.Google Scholar
17.Kreiner, J. (1990) ‘Changing images: Japan and the Ainu as perceived by Europe’. In Rethinking Japan, vol. 2: Social Sciences, Ideology & Thought, Boscaro, A., Gatti, F. and Raveri, M. (eds) (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library), 136.Google Scholar
18.Kreiner, J. (1990) ‘Changing images: Japan and the Ainu as perceived by Europe’. In Rethinking Japan, vol. 2: Social Sciences, Ideology & Thought, Boscaro, A., Gatti, F. and Raveri, M. (eds) (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library), 136., 139.Google Scholar
19.Kreiner, J. (1990) ‘Changing images: Japan and the Ainu as perceived by Europe’. In Rethinking Japan, vol. 2: Social Sciences, Ideology & Thought, Boscaro, A., Gatti, F. and Raveri, M. (eds) (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library), 136., 138ff.Google Scholar
20.Thorild, T. (1791) ‘En critik öfver critiker’ [A critique of the critics]. In Sveriges litteratur, del V: Sengustaviansk klassicism och begynnande romantik [Swedish literature, part 5: Late Gustavian Classicism and Commencement of Romanticism], Tigerstedt, E. N. (ed) (Uppsala: Svenska Bokförlaget/Bonniers, 1962), 115.Google Scholar
21.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 4: ‘Företal’ [Preface].Google Scholar
22.Nordenstam, R. B. (1994) ‘Carl Peter Thunberg's life, travels and scientific contributions’, The Journal of Japanese Botany, 69(5), 340.Google Scholar
23.Lindroth, S. (1975) Svensk lärdomshistoria: Gustavianska tiden [A History of Swedish Learning: The Gustavian Era] (Stockholm: Norstedts), 36.Google Scholar
24.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 3: 121.Google Scholar
25.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 3: 121., 31f.Google Scholar
26.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 3: 121., 293.Google Scholar
27.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 3: 121., 290.Google Scholar
28.Thunberg, (17881793) Resa, 3: 121., ‘Företal.’Google Scholar
29.Wallin, L. (ed) (1993) Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Självbiografiska anteckningar med bibliografi [Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Autobiographical Notes, with Bibliography]. Scripta minora, Bibliothecae Regiae Universitatis Upsaliensis, vol. 6 (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International), 13. Thunberg was, as noted by Professor Bengt Jonsell, ‘constantly reported about as an open, candid nature free from intrigues’. See Jonsell, B. (1994) ‘Thunberg, Linnaeus and the Linnean Tradition’, The Journal of Japanese Botany 69 (5), 335.Google Scholar
30.Thunberg, , Resa, 3: 38.Google Scholar
31.Edström, B. (1997) ‘Japan i svenska geografiläroböcker 1842–1993’ [Japan in Swedish geography textbooks, 1842–1993]. In Edström, B. (ed), Öst i väst [East meets West] (Stockholm: Center for Pacific Asia Studies), 4570.Google Scholar
32.Djurberg, D. (1785) Utförlig Geografie. I. Delen [Detailed Geography, Part 1], 2nd edn (Stockholm); Djurberg, D. (1793) Geografie för Ungdom [Geography for Youth], 2nd edn (Stockholm), 296.Google Scholar
33.Lagergren, A. (1831) Fysisk och politisk geografi, tillika med en föregående naturbeskrivning [Physical and Political Geography, as well as a Preceding Description of Nature] (Stockholm), 210.Google Scholar
34.Bobeck, J. (1894) Geografiske skildringar: Läsebok för skolan och hemmet [Geographical Sketches: A Textbook for School and Home] (Lund), 60.Google Scholar
35.Holmberg, Å. (1988) Världen bortom västerlandet: Svensk syn på fjärran länder och folk från 1700-talet till första världskriget [The World beyond the West: Distant Lands and Peoples Through Swedish Eyes, from the Eighteenth Century to the First World War] (Göteborg: Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället), 223.Google Scholar
36.Kreiner, J. (1984) ‘Deutschland–Japan. Die frühen Jahrhunderte’. In Deutschland–Japan: Historische Kontakte, Kreiner, J. (ed) (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann), 41.Google Scholar
37.Kreiner, J. (1984) ‘Deutschland–Japan. Die frühen Jahrhunderte’. In Deutschland–Japan: Historische Kontakte, Kreiner, J. (ed) (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann), 41., 42.Google Scholar
38.Lidin, O. G. (1984) ‘Japanese–Danish official contacts’. In Danes in Japan 1868 to 1940: Aspects of Early Danish–Japanese Contacts, Laderièrre, M. (ed) (Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag), 16f.Google Scholar
39. Quoted in Holmberg, Världen bortom västerlandet, 345.Google Scholar
40.Burgman, T. (1965) Svensk opinion och diplomati under rysk–japanska kriget 1904–1905 [Swedish Opinion and Diplomacy during the Russo–Japanese War, 1904–1905] (Uppsala: Svenska Bokförlaget/Norstedts).Google Scholar
41. The ‘yellow hope’ or ‘yellow peril’ couple is discussed in Lehmann, J.-P. (1978) The Image of Japan: From Feudal Isolation to World Power 1850–1905 (London: George Allen & Unwin), ch. 6.Google Scholar
42.Wilkinson, , Misunderstanding, 86f.Google Scholar