Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T23:59:13.586Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The ability to speak: from intentions to spoken words

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2009

Abstract

In recent decades, psychologists have become increasingly interested in our ability to speak. This paper sketches the present theoretical perspective on this most complex skill of homo sapiens. The generation of fluent speech is based on the interaction of various processing components. These mechanisms are highly specialized, dedicated to performing specific subroutines, such as retrieving appropriate words, generating morpho-syntactic structure, computing the phonological target shape of syllables, words, phrases and whole utterances, and creating and executing articulatory programmes. As in any complex skill, there is a self-monitoring mechanism that checks the output. These component processes are targets of increasingly sophisticated experimental research, of which this paper presents a few salient examples.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Wundt, W. (1896) Grundriss der Psychologie. Kröner Verlag, Leipzig.Google Scholar
2.Freud, S. (1904 (1954)) Zur psychopathologie des Alltagslebens. Fischer. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
3.Donders, F. C. (1869) ‘Die Schnelligkeit psychischer Processe’. Archiv Anatomie und Physiologie, 657681.Google Scholar
4.Levelt, W. J. M. (1989) Speaking. From Intention to Articulation. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
5.Levelt, W. J. M. (Ed) (1993) Lexical Access in Speech Production. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
6.Herrmann, Th. and Grabowski, J. (1994) Sprechen. Psychologie der Sprachproduktion. Spektrum. Heidelberg.Google Scholar
7.Clark, H. (1992) Arenas of Language Use. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.Google Scholar
8.Kempen, G. and Vosse, J. (1989) Incremental syntactic tree formation in human sentence processing. Cahiers de la Fondation Archives Jean Piaget. Geneva.Google Scholar
9.Roelofs, A. (1992) A spreading-activation theory of lemma retrieval in speaking. Cognition 42, 107142.Google Scholar
10.Schriefers, H., Meyer, A. and Levelt, W. J. M. (1990) Exploring the time course of lexical access in language production: picture-word interference studies. J. Memory and Language, 29, 86102.Google Scholar
11.Glaser, W. A. and Düngelhoff, F. J. (1984) The time course of picture-word interference. J. Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 640654.Google Scholar
12.Roelofs, A. (1993) Testing a non-compositional theory of lemma retrieval in speaking: Retrieval of verbs. Cognition, 47, 5987.Google Scholar
13.Jescheniak, J. and Levelt, W. J. M. (1994) Word frequency effects in production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form. J. Experimental Psychology. Language, Memory and Cognition 20, 824843.Google Scholar
14.Levelt, W. J. M. and Wheeldon, L. (1994) Do speakers have access to a mental syllabary? Cognition, 50, 239269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Meyer, A. and Schriefers, H. (1991) Phonological facilitation in picture-word interference experiments: Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony and types of interfering stimuli. J. Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 11461160.Google Scholar
16.Wheeldon, L. and Levelt, W. J. M. (in press) Monitoring the time-course of phonological encoding. J. Memory and Language, 33.Google Scholar
17.Levelt, W. J. M. (1983) Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 41, 41104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar