Randomised controlled trial. Two hundred and thirty mothers with major depression attending primary care clinics were randomly allocated to either a multi-component intervention or usual care. The multi-component intervention involved a psychoeducational group, systematic monitoring and treatment compliance support, and pharmacotherapy if needed. Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The main outcome measure was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 3 and 6 months post randomisation.

Approximately 90% of randomised women completed assessments. There was a marked difference in all outcome measures at 3 months, in favour of the multi-component intervention. However, these differences between groups decreased after 3 months. In our primary analysis, the adjusted difference in mean EPDS between the two groups at 3 months was -4.5, 95% C.I. -6.3 to -2.7, p<0.001. There was a sharp decline in the proportion of women on antidepressants after 3 months in both groups.

This intervention considerably improved the outcome of depressed low-income mothers compared to usual care for the first 3 months. However, some of these clinical gains were not maintained thereafter, most likely because a large proportion stopped taking medication. Further refinements to this intervention are needed to ensure treatment compliance after the acute phase.