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Transdiagnostic Exploration of the Association of Toxoplasma Gondii with Psychiatric Disorders. a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

A. Sutterland ,
G. Fond ,
A. Kuin ,
M. Koeter ,
R. Lutter ,
T. Van Gool ,
R. Yolken ,
A. Szoke ,
M. Leboyer  and
L. De Haan
A. Sutterland
Affiliation:
Early Psychosis Department, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
G. Fond
Affiliation:
INSERM, Université Paris Est, Paris, France
A. Kuin
Affiliation:
Early Psychosis Department, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
M. Koeter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
R. Lutter
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
T. Van Gool
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
R. Yolken
Affiliation:
Stanley Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
A. Szoke
Affiliation:
INSERM, Université Paris Est, Paris, France
M. Leboyer
Affiliation:
INSERM, Université Paris Est, Paris, France
L. De Haan
Affiliation:
Early Psychosis Department, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Abstract

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Introduction

An association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and schizophrenia has been shown by a meta-analysis showing a significant Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.7. Currently, several studies have looked at the association between T. gondii and other psychiatric disorders as well, rendering exploration of diagnostic specificity possible. Furthermore, questions remain on the timing and nature of the infection.

Methods

A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies of all major psychiatric disorders versus healthy controls in relation to T. gondii infection. Methodological quality, heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed.

Results

A total of 2866 studies were found, from which 51 studies were finally included. Significant ORs were found for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, OCD and Addiction, but not for Major Depression. Further exploration of the association between T. gondii and schizophrenia, yielded a significant association of seropositivity before onset of psychosis and with high antibody titers. A decline of the association was found when baseline exposure in the healthy control population increased.

Discussion

These findings suggest that T. gondii infection is not merely associated with psychosis and that in schizophrenia a reactivation of a latent T. gondii infection occurs. Several hypotheses remain open about the nature of this association.

Type
Article: 0070
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue S1: Abstracts of the 23rd European Congress of Psychiatry , March 2015 , pp. 1
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2015
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