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Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the management of autism spectrum disorder: Narrative review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

M. Adnan ,
M. Zafar ,
C. Trivedi  and
U. Beg
M. Adnan*
Affiliation:
Psychiatry, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Lincolnwood, United States of America
M. Zafar
Affiliation:
Psychiatry, Central State Hospital, Milledgeville, United States of America
C. Trivedi
Affiliation:
Psychiatry, Psychiatry Austin, Austin, United States of America
U. Beg
Affiliation:
Psychiatry, Central State Hospital, Milledgeville, United States of America
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Fifty years ago, the estimated prevalence of autism was 30-60 per 10,000; now, it has increased to 18.5 per 1,000. Autism disorders are 4.3 times as prevalent among boys as among girls.

Objectives

This systematic review provides an overview of the management of AD with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using (“Autism spectrum disorder” AND “Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation” AND “RTMS” OR “Children and adolescent”) in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO, resulted in 453 hits and finally qualified 18 studies.

Results

We found 18 eligible studies, 8 randomize controlled clinical trials, 10 non-controlled clinical trials comparing TMS effects with waiting-list controls (n = 6), sham-treatment (n = 8) and no control group (n=4). There was a significant reduction of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, irritability, social behavior, and executive function improvements with a medium-size effect. Eleven studies in this review had a moderate to high risk of bias due to small sample size, lack of blinding to treatment, and inadequate follow-up period. Four studies reported the stability of these gains in clinical outcomes for more than six months with no clarification after that.

Conclusions

The data encourages the potential safety and efficacy; it provides significant evidence to support TMS’s efficacy in symptom severity reductions and improved clinical outcomes in children with autism. Therefore, future large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to conclude intervention efficacy in a larger sample size further.

Keywords

TMSChildrenAutism spectrum disorderRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 64 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 29th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2021 , pp. S491
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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