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Suicide risk among residents in a cross-sectional study: the role of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2023

S. Magliocca ,
M. Pontiggia ,
F. Madeddu ,
R. Calati ,
P. Zeppegno  and
C. Gramaglia
S. Magliocca*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
M. Pontiggia
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
F. Madeddu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
R. Calati
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
P. Zeppegno
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
C. Gramaglia
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

The peculiar requests of postgraduate teaching could affect the students’ lives, predisposing them to mental disorders and suicide risk (e.g. Abreu et al., 2021). The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) (Joiner, 2005) is a model that has proved useful in explaining this risk.

Objectives

We analyzed risk factors associated with current suicidal ideation (SI) and history of suicidal planning and/or suicide attempt (SP/SA) in a sample of 97 Italian residents in psychological (n= 17, 17.5%) and medical and health care area (n=80, 82.5%) (mean age 29.18±3.25 SD).

Methods

Socio-demographic, psychological (i.e. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory – II; BDI-II, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Reasons For Living Inventory; RFL, Psychache Scale, Mental pain questionnaire; MPQ, Visual Analogue Scale - VAS - on mental pain, Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness About Death) psychosocial (i.e. Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire; INQ, UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; MSPSS) and somatic pain features (i.e. VAS, Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire; Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ) were collected through an online questionnaire. We compared residents with SI vs No SI and residents with SP/SA vs No SP/SA and the emerged significant variables, have been inserted in logistic regression models with stepwise method, backward elimination.

Results

The presence of depression (BDI-II), low reasons for living (RFL), psychological pain (Psychache Scale and MPQ), interoceptive awareness (SAQ), Thwarted Belongingness (TB, INQ subscale), loneliness (UCLA) and low perceived social support (MSPSS) were associated with both current SI and history of SP/SA. Concerning regression models, TB (INQ) increased the likelihood of SI while Survival and Coping Beliefs (RFL subscale) reduced it. The model explained 49% of the variance of SI by correctly predicting 88.7% of SI cases. Perceived social support (MSPSS)reduced the likelihood of current SP/SA levels while interoceptive awareness (SAQ) increased it. This model explained 40% of the variance of SP/SA by correctly predicting 82.5% of suicide risk cases.

Conclusions

We have identified risk and protective factors for suicide, consistent with the IPTS, which can orient the prevention, evaluation and clinical treatment of residents.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 66 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 31st European Congress of Psychiatry , March 2023 , pp. S497 - S498
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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