We present the case of a 34-year-old female patient with no prior psychiatric record who was treated in our outpatient department due to persecutory delusions of recent onset. The patient had a history of refractory temporal epilepsy since adolescence and underwent a temporal lobe resection 4 month prior to the appearance of her symptoms.

Temporal lobe resection is a well-established technique to treat refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in which psychotic symptoms are an infrequent complication; the most frequent being cognitive sequelae, visual field defects and depression. According to several sources, this symptomatology may be underdiagnosed and undereportend and there have been a number of case reports and series of cases which describe the aforementioned entity.

A case report is presented alongside a review of the relevant literature regarding cases of secondary psychosis after brain surgery.

During her treatment we administered olanzapine up to doses of 7.5mg per day because of the risk of reducing the convulsive threshold. We observed a marked improvement and the disappearance of the delusions. The dose of olanzapine has been maintained for a year with no important side-effects and without a relapse in symptoms.

Psychotic symptoms as a complication of temporal lobe resection may be more frequent than what was thought in the past. It is important to study this phenomenon more in-depth because the symptoms may remain undetected and present worse outcomes given that there are effective treatments which could ameliorate the condition.

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