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Screening for depression: The added value of actigraphy and smartphone-based intensive sampling of depressive affect and behaviors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

O. Minaeva*
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
H. Riese
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
F. Lamers
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
N. Antypa
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, Netherlands
M. Wichers
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
S. Booij
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

In many countries, depressed individuals often first visit primary care settings for consultation, but a considerable number of clinically depressed patients remains unidentified. Introducing additional screening tools may facilitate the diagnostic process.

Objectives

This study aims to examine whether Experience Sampling Method (ESM)-based measures of depressive affect and behaviors can discriminate depressed from non-depressed individuals. In addition, the added value of actigraphy-based measures was examined.

Methods

We used data from two samples to develop and validate prediction models. The development dataset included 14 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=43) and non-depressed individuals (n=82). The validation dataset included 30 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=27) and non-depressed individuals (n=27). Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied to build the prediction models. The performance of the models was assessed with the goodness of fit indices, calibration curves, and discriminative ability (AUC, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve).

Results

In the development dataset, the discriminative ability was good for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.790) and excellent for the ESM (AUC=0.991) and combined-domains model (AUC=0.993). In the validation dataset, the discriminative ability was reasonable for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.648) and excellent for the ESM (AUC=0.891) and combined-domains model (AUC=0.892).

Conclusions

ESM is a good diagnostic predictor and is easy to calculate, and, therefore, holds promise for implementation in clinical practice. Actigraphy shows no added value to ESM as a diagnostic predictor, but might still be useful when active monitoring with ESM is not feasible.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Type
Abstract
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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