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The role of dysregulated ghrelin/LEAP-2 balance in eating disorder: a translational study in anorexia nervosa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2023

C. Tezenas du Montcel ,
P. Duriez ,
J. Cao ,
N. Ramoz ,
O. Viltart ,
P. Gorwood  and
V. Tolle
C. Tezenas du Montcel*
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, 75014 Paris Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris
P. Duriez
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris - Inserm U1266, 75014 Paris Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Hôpital Sainte-Anne, F-75014
J. Cao
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris - Inserm U1266, 75014 Paris
N. Ramoz
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, 75014
O. Viltart
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, 75014 Paris Faculté de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, SN4, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq
P. Gorwood
Affiliation:
1Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, 75014 Paris Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
V. Tolle
Affiliation:
Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1266 INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, 75014 Paris
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistant decrease in food intake leading to dramatic weight loss and energy deficit. The ghrelin system is a key regulator of appetite and food intake across species. LEAP-2, a recently discovered ghrelin antagonist, appears to be up-regulated in obesity and opposes to the orexigenic drive of ghrelin. The evolution of LEAP-2 levels could be an interesting insight to reflect the regulation of appetite in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN).

Objectives

We tested this hypothesis and here provide the first study exploring the ghrelin and LEAP-2 regulation in long-term food restriction followed by refeeding in both mice and patients suffering from AN.

Methods

Using a translational strategy, we compared the regulation of ghrelin and LEAP-2 concentrations in blood during food restriction and after refeeding i/ in female mice exposed to a 14 days protocol combining quantitative food restriction and running wheel activity followed by 10 days of progressive refeeding; ii/ in an ongoing longitudinal study of patients with AN evaluated before and after refeeding (n=30) as well as 6 months after hospital discharge to evaluate if the weight gain was stable (n=7) or unstable (n=10). Plasma concentrations of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured with selective immunoassays.

Results

Long-term food restriction in mice was associated with increased ghrelin (p<0.001) and decreased LEAP-2 concentrations (p=0.006) compared to ad libitum fed controls. Refeeding led to a decrease in ghrelin (p<0.01) and increase in LEAP-2 concentrations (p<0.01). Patients with AN displayed increased ghrelin levels (p<0.01) but also higher LEAP-2 concentrations on admission than after refeeding (p=0.04). LEAP-2 decreased with refeeding. On 17 patients re-evaluated 6 months after discharge, patients with unstable weight gain exhibited a greater decrease of LEAP-2 concentrations during refeeding compared to patient with stable weight gain (p=0.02). Decreasing LEAP-2 concentrations was able to predict a negative outcome (i.e. unstable weight gain) in 80% of the cases.

Conclusions

We provide evidence that the ghrelin/LEAP-2 system is not regulated according to the nutritional status in AN as it is in the case of a physiological adaptation to food restriction. Results from an ongoing longitudinal study exploring remission in AN suggest that the evolution of LEAP-2 concentrations during refeeding is opposed to data from preclinical model and could give new insights on the outcome of weight gain in AN.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 66 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 31st European Congress of Psychiatry , March 2023 , pp. S103 - S104
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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